Volume 11 - Issue 9

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Computer Engineering

Design And Development Of A Hybrid Web Application Firewall For Enhanced Web Security

The Increasing Sophistication Of Web-based Attacks Such As SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), And Emerging Zero-day Threats Has Necessitated The Evolution Of Intelligent And Adaptive Defence Mechanisms. This Research Presents The Design And D... The Increasing Sophistication Of Web-based Attacks Such As SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), And Emerging Zero-day Threats Has Necessitated The Evolution Of Intelligent And Adaptive Defence Mechanisms. This Research Presents The Design And Development Of A Hybrid Web Application Firewall That Integrates Both Signature-based And Anomaly-based Detection Techniques To Enhance Web Application Security. The Proposed System Leverages Machine Learning Algorithms For Anomaly Detection And Pattern-matching Methods For Known Attack Signatures, Achieving A Balanced Trade-off Between Accuracy And Efficiency. The Architecture Incorporates Real-time Traffic Monitoring, Feature Extraction, And Multi-layer Threat Analysis, Enabling Proactive Defence Against Evolving Attack Patterns. Experimental Evaluation Demonstrates That The Hybrid WAF Significantly Improves Detection Accuracy While Reducing False Positives Compared To Traditional Approaches. The System Also Exhibits Scalability And Adaptability For Modern Web Environments. This Study Contributes To The Advancement Of Intelligent WAF Architectures Capable Of Mitigating Both Known And Unknown Web Threats, Thereby Strengthening Overall Cybersecurity Resilience. Read more Read less

Authors: Darshan Karkar | Prof. Sweta Katariya

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) MARKETING

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DIGITAL VS TRADITIONAL ADVERTISEMENTS OF MOBILE PHONES

This Study Investigates The Comparative Effectiveness Of Traditional And Digital Advertising In Today’s Marketing Landscape. A Structured Survey Of 250 Participants From Varied Demographic Backgrounds Was Conducted To Analyze Advertising Consumption... This Study Investigates The Comparative Effectiveness Of Traditional And Digital Advertising In Today’s Marketing Landscape. A Structured Survey Of 250 Participants From Varied Demographic Backgrounds Was Conducted To Analyze Advertising Consumption Patterns, Trust Perceptions, Engagement Levels, And Perceived Return On Investment For Both Media Types. These Findings Suggest That Integrating Digital Advertising’s Strengths In Precision And Engagement With Traditional Media’s Established Trust Could Yield Optimal Outcomes. Overall, The Research Enhances Understanding Of Advertising Effectiveness In An Increasingly Fragmented Media Environment. Read more Read less

Authors: Dr . P. Pirakatheeswari | Mr Shanmuganathan N

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) FINANCE

SECTORAL INDICES DYNAMICS :A TREND ANALYSIS AND REGRESSION APPROACH

The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), Which Was Started In 1875, Is The Oldest Stock Exchange In Asia. It Is Still Very Important For The Growth Of India’s Economy And Finances. Sector-specific Indices Inside This Dialogue Provide Insightful Information O... The Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), Which Was Started In 1875, Is The Oldest Stock Exchange In Asia. It Is Still Very Important For The Growth Of India’s Economy And Finances. Sector-specific Indices Inside This Dialogue Provide Insightful Information On The Performance Of Several Sectors, Including Banking, Information Technology, Finance, Oil, Healthcare, And Consumer Products, And They Also Affect The Benchmark’s Movement. SENSEX. Ten Major Industry Indices Are Examined In This Research Across The 2015–2025 Period In Order To Find Trend Patterns And Assess Their Impact On The Sensex And Researching How Macroeconomic Events Affect Industry Trends. For Its Interpretation, The Study Makes Use Of Trend Analysis And Regression Analysis With Secondary Data. The Trend Analysis Reveals Cyclical Market Activity, With 2016–2017 And 2020–2021 Showing Strong Growth Phases, 2018–2019 Experiencing Drops, And A More Stable Yet Inconsistent Performance Between 2022 And 2025. During Unsure Times, Some Industries, Like IT And Healthcare, Showed Resilience And Quick Recovery, Whereas Others, Such As Automobile And Construction, Showed More Volatility And A Weaker Impact. The Regression Analysis Results Show That, With Finance, Excluding The Vehicle Industry, All The Chosen Sectorial Indices Strongly Influence The Sensex. While The Most Influential Are Banking And Consumer Products, The Construction And Healthcare Industries Show Somewhat Smaller Effects. Ultimately, The Results Confirm That, In View Of Their Relevance For Reflecting The Larger Economic Scene And For Driving Stock Market Volatility, Sectoral Indices Are Crucial Drivers. Investors Looking For Portfolio Diversification, Government Officials Monitoring Industry Growth, And Portfolio Managers Creating Risk-sensitive Investment Plans In India, A Developing Country. Read more Read less

Authors: Mr. Bharaneetharan. K | Dr.G.Sowmya

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) B. Com Professional Accounting

A STUDY ON CONSUMER PERFERENCES ABOUT FOREIGN BRAND VS LOCAL BRAND

This Study Explores The Evolving Preferences Of Indian Consumers—particularly Youth Aged 18 To 40—toward Foreign Versus Local Soft Drink Brands, With A Focus On Coca-Cola And Thums Up. The Research Aims To Understand The Factors Influencing Brand Cho... This Study Explores The Evolving Preferences Of Indian Consumers—particularly Youth Aged 18 To 40—toward Foreign Versus Local Soft Drink Brands, With A Focus On Coca-Cola And Thums Up. The Research Aims To Understand The Factors Influencing Brand Choice And How Cultural Identity, Marketing Strategies, And Ethical Considerations Shape Consumer Behavior. A Descriptive Research Design Was Employed, Using A Structured Questionnaire To Collect Primary Data From 100 Respondents Across Urban And Semi-urban Regions. The Sample Included A Mix Of Students, Professionals, And Homemakers, With A Majority Falling In The 18–25 Age Group.Findings Reveal That Taste Is The Most Dominant Factor, With Coca-Cola Leading In Preference Due To Superior Taste, Advertising Appeal, And Affordability Perception. However, Thums Up Enjoys Strong Cultural Resonance, Sustainability Perception, And Loyalty Linked To National Identity. The Research Highlights That While Coca-Cola Dominates Short-term Choices, Local Brands Can Gain Long-term Loyalty By Aligning With Sustainability, Employment Generation, And Social Responsibility.At The Same Time, Local Brands Are Increasingly Associated With Sustainability, Eco-conscious Packaging, And Employment Generation, Making Them Attractive To Ethically Aware Consumers. Occasion-based Consumption Patterns—such As Soft Drinks Being Preferred During Outings, Parties, And Celebrations—further Indicate That Consumer Choices Are Situational Rather Than Fixed. Peer Influence And Cultural Symbolism Emerge As Hidden Drivers Of Preference, Reflecting How Social Identity And National Pride Contribute To Long-term Brand Loyalty. Thus, Consumer Behaviour In The Soft Drink Industry Is Not Only Guided By Functional Attributes Like Taste And Price But Also By Psychological, Cultural, And Ethical Considerations That Redefine Brand Competitiveness. Read more Read less

Authors: M. Thiruselvam | Dr.Vadivel M

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Marketing

A Study On Pricing Strategy Of Vodafone Idea(VI)

In The Highly Competitive Indian Telecom Industry, Pricing Plays A Pivotal Role In Shaping Consumer Choices And Market Positioning. This Study Focuses On Vodafone Idea (VI), A Brand That Has Witnessed Significant Challenges And Transitions In Recent... In The Highly Competitive Indian Telecom Industry, Pricing Plays A Pivotal Role In Shaping Consumer Choices And Market Positioning. This Study Focuses On Vodafone Idea (VI), A Brand That Has Witnessed Significant Challenges And Transitions In Recent Years. The Research Explores How VI’s Pricing Strategy Influences Customer Perception, Satisfaction, And Competitiveness Against Major Rivals Like Jio And Airtel. Through Survey Analysis, The Study Identifies Youth And Low-income Groups As VI’s Core Customer Base, Evaluates Their Opinions On Pricing Transparency, And Examines Awareness Of VI’s Special Packs. Findings Reveal That While VI Is Perceived As Moderately Competitive And Value-for-money, Gaps Exist In Pricing Clarity, Plan Communication, And Network Reliability. The Study Concludes With Actionable Suggestions For VI To Strengthen Its Market Position By Balancing Affordability With Service Quality. JEL Classification Codes • D40 – Market Structure, Pricing, And Design • L11 – Production, Pricing, And Market Structure • L96 – Telecommunications • M31 – Marketing • O33 – Technological Change: Choices And Consequences. Read more Read less

Authors: Dr.Vadivel M | S.Sowmiya

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Finance

ESG INTEGRATION IN MUTUAL FUNDS: IMPLICATION FOR FUND RETURNS AND SHARE PRICE OF TOP 3 ESG FUNDS

This Study Compares Three Top ESG Mutual Funds In India: Quantum ESG, Axis ESG Integration Strategy Fund, And SBI ESG Exclusionary Fund. The Top-rated Strategy Fund For The Years 2021 Through 2025. The Study Assesses Growth Potential And Risk-adjuste... This Study Compares Three Top ESG Mutual Funds In India: Quantum ESG, Axis ESG Integration Strategy Fund, And SBI ESG Exclusionary Fund. The Top-rated Strategy Fund For The Years 2021 Through 2025. The Study Assesses Growth Potential And Risk-adjusted Performance By Concentrating On Net Asset Value (NAV) Trends, Fund Stability, And Volatility. A Secondary Data Strategy Is Used, With Regression Analysis, Descriptive Statistics, And Year-wise NAV Analysis Utilized To Assess Fund Performance And Its Relationship To The Sensex. Find And Choose The Prices Of Shares For The Business. The Results Show That, Despite An Initial Dip In 2022, All Three Funds Rebounded Well From 2023 Onward, Demonstrating Resilience In ESG-driven Methods. Quantum Had The Most Consistent Growth Among Them, SBI Maintained Stability With Consistent Long-term Returns, And Axis Exhibited Greater Volatility With Varied Results. Regression Analysis Reveals A Robust Positive Association Between The Sensex And ESG Funds, Notably For Axis And Quantum, Proving That ESG-focused Investing Is Highly Relevant To The Market. In General, The Research Finds That ESG Funds Not Only Encourage Sustainable And Ethical Investing Practices But Also Show A Lot Of Promise For Long-term Wealth Accumulation, Which Makes Them A Good Choice For Investors Looking To Grow Their Wealth Over Time. In The Indian Environment, This Makes Them A Viable Rival To Conventional Mutual Funds. Read more Read less

Authors: Mr.R.Prem | Assist.Prof. Dr.G.Sowmya

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Commerce With Professional Accounting

A Study On Consumer Buying Behaviour Towards The Online Grocery App's

The Rapid Growth Of E-commerce And Increasing Internet Penetration Have Led To A Significant Shift In Consumer Shopping Habits, With A Notable Rise In Online Grocery Shopping. The Research Was Conducted To Understand The Key Drivers And Challenges Th... The Rapid Growth Of E-commerce And Increasing Internet Penetration Have Led To A Significant Shift In Consumer Shopping Habits, With A Notable Rise In Online Grocery Shopping. The Research Was Conducted To Understand The Key Drivers And Challenges That Shape A Consumer's Decision-making Process When Purchasing Groceries Through Digital Platforms. The Findings Revealed That Convenience And Time-saving Are The Most Significant Motivators For Consumers To Switch To Online Grocery Shopping. The Availability Of A Wide Range Of Products And Attractive Discounts Also Play A Crucial Role In Influencing Purchase Decisions However, Concerns Regarding The Quality And Freshness Of Perishable Goods And A Lack Of Trust In The Selection Process Were Identified As Major Barriers. The Study Also Found That Demographic Factors Such As Age And Occupation Have A Considerable Impact On The Frequency Of Online Grocery App Usage. This Research Provides Valuable Insights For Online Grocery App Companies To Develop Effective Marketing Strategies, Improve Service Quality, And Address Consumer Concerns To Build Trust And Loyalty Read more Read less

Authors: Dr W Saranya | Mr S Venkatesh

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Educational Psychology And Student Well Being

IMPACT OF ACADEMIC STRESS ON STUDENTS LEARNING EFFICIENCY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Academic Stress Is A Ubiquitous Challenge Faced By Students Worldwide, Profoundly Impacting Their Mental Health And Academic Achievement. This Study Delves Into The Intricate Relationship Between Academic Stress And Its Far-reaching Consequences On L... Academic Stress Is A Ubiquitous Challenge Faced By Students Worldwide, Profoundly Impacting Their Mental Health And Academic Achievement. This Study Delves Into The Intricate Relationship Between Academic Stress And Its Far-reaching Consequences On Learning Efficiency And Academic Performance, Underscoring The Critical Role Of Emotional Intelligence (EI) In Mitigating These Effects. Stemming From Pressures Such As Heavy Academic Workloads, Intense Exam Environments, And Pervasive Competition, Academic Stress Manifests In Diminished Concentration, Compromised Study Habits, And Ultimately, Suboptimal Academic Outcomes. Through A Mixed-methods Approach Blending Quantitative Surveys And Qualitative Interviews, The Research Unveils A Stark Negative Correlation Between Stress Levels And Both Learning Efficacy And Academic Success, While Also Spotlighting The Debilitating Emotional And Psychological Toll Of Stress, Including Anxiety, Depression, And Burnout, Thereby Advocating For Targeted Interventions To Alleviate Stress, Foster Effective Learning Strategies, And Bolster Student Well-being. Read more Read less

Authors: Dr W Saranya | Mr M. Divakar

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Marketing

Impact On Instagram Marketing On Youth Buying Behavior

Instagram Marketing Is Becoming A Most Used And Widest Form Of Advertising And Marketing Platform For All Companies. This Study Examines The Impact Of Instagram Marketing On The Buying Behavior Of Youth, With A Focus On Visual Appeal, Cultural Releva... Instagram Marketing Is Becoming A Most Used And Widest Form Of Advertising And Marketing Platform For All Companies. This Study Examines The Impact Of Instagram Marketing On The Buying Behavior Of Youth, With A Focus On Visual Appeal, Cultural Relevance, Emotional Branding, And Influencer-led Content. A Survey Of Young Consumers Was Conducted To Analyze How Instagram Advertisements And Posts Shape Perceptions And Purchase Decisions. The Results Indicate That Attractive Visuals Significantly Enhance Trust In Brands, While Story-based And Emotional Posts Strongly Influence Purchase Intentions. Cultural Alignment Was Also Found To Be A Critical Factor, With Many Respondents Preferring Localized And Festival-related Content Over Trend-driven Or Generic Campaigns. Furthermore, The Study Shows That Instagram Marketing Has A Stronger Influence In Urban Areas, Where Exposure And Engagement Levels Are Higher. Overall, The Findings Suggest That Instagram Has Become A Powerful Driver Of Trust, Engagement, And Purchase Behavior Among Youth, And Brands Must Prioritize Authenticity, Cultural Relevance, And Visual Storytelling In Their Strategies. Read more Read less

Authors: Dr W Saranya | Mr B L Santosh

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) B.Com. With Professional Accounting

A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF DISCOUNTS AND OFFERS ON CONSUMER PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR

In Today’s Competitive Retail Landscape, Discounts And Promotional Offers Have Become Powerful Tools For Attracting And Retaining Customers. This Study Focuses On The Dress Shops Of Town Hall, Coimbatore, Where Vibrant Discount Boards And Seasonal Sa... In Today’s Competitive Retail Landscape, Discounts And Promotional Offers Have Become Powerful Tools For Attracting And Retaining Customers. This Study Focuses On The Dress Shops Of Town Hall, Coimbatore, Where Vibrant Discount Boards And Seasonal Sales Dominate The Marketplace. The Research Seeks To Understand The Demographic Profile Of Shoppers Most Influenced By Discounts, Identify The Types Of Offers That Appeal To Them, And Analyse How The Size And Timing Of Discounts Shape Customer Behaviour. Using A Structured Questionnaire, The Study Explores Shopping Frequency, Preference Patterns, And The Psychological Response Of Consumers To Various Discount Strategies. The Findings Are Expected To Provide Retailers With Actionable Insights To Design Innovative Discount Campaigns That Not Only Increase Footfall But Also Enhance Customer Loyalty And Satisfaction. Read more Read less

Authors: Sanjay.M | Dr. P. Pirakatheeswari

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) MARKETING

An Analysis On The Effect Of Online Reviews On Student Shopping Behavior

This Study Investigates The Influence Of Online Reviews On Students’ Shopping Behavior, Focusing On How Digital Feedback Shapes Purchasing Decisions. By Examining Patterns In Student Engagement With Product Ratings, Comments, And Recommendations, The... This Study Investigates The Influence Of Online Reviews On Students’ Shopping Behavior, Focusing On How Digital Feedback Shapes Purchasing Decisions. By Examining Patterns In Student Engagement With Product Ratings, Comments, And Recommendations, The Research Identifies Key Factors That Guide Their Trust And Choice In Online Marketplaces. Findings Reveal That Students Are Significantly Impacted By Both The Perceived Credibility And The Volume Of Online Reviews, Suggesting That Digital Word-of-mouth Plays A Pivotal Role In Shaping Consumer Behavior Within This Demographic. The Study Offers Insights For Marketers And E-commerce Platforms Aiming To Enhance Engagement And Tailor Strategies For Student Consumers. Read more Read less

Authors: Ms. S. Subhitcha | Ms. C. Keerthana

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Marketing

An Empirical Study On The Ethical Practices Of Auto-Rickshaw Drivers In Coimbatore

This Study Focuses On The Ethical Practices Of Auto Rickshaw Drivers In Coimbatore, With Special Attention To Fairness In Charging, Behaviour Towards Passengers, And Adherence To Rules. Data Was Collected Mainly From Student Respondents, Who Shared T... This Study Focuses On The Ethical Practices Of Auto Rickshaw Drivers In Coimbatore, With Special Attention To Fairness In Charging, Behaviour Towards Passengers, And Adherence To Rules. Data Was Collected Mainly From Student Respondents, Who Shared Their Travel Experiences And Opinions. The Findings Show That Many Passengers Face Issues Such As Overcharging, Refusal To Use Meters, And Demands For Extra Payment, Which Lead To Frustration And Dissatisfaction. At The Same Time, Respondents Valued Drivers Who Followed The Meter, Behaved Politely, And Ensured Safe Travel. The Study Also Highlights The Growing Role Of App-based Services Like Rapido, Ola, Uber Auto, And Namma Auto, Which Provide Transparent Fares And Convenience, Building More Trust Among Passengers. Overall, The Research Suggests That Promoting And Rewarding Ethical Drivers, Along With Encouraging App-based Services, Can Improve Passenger Satisfaction And Support Fair Practices In The Auto Rickshaw Industry Of Coimbatore. Read more Read less

Authors: Ms.S.Sudheksha | Ms.C.Keerthana

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Agriculture

AI Based Plant Disease Diagnosis

In The Agricultural Sector, Early And Accurate Detection Of Plant Diseases Plays A Vital Rolein Preventing Crop Loss And Ensuring Sustainable Food Production. However, Conventional Manual Diagnosis Methods Are Time-consuming, Error-prone, And Often D... In The Agricultural Sector, Early And Accurate Detection Of Plant Diseases Plays A Vital Rolein Preventing Crop Loss And Ensuring Sustainable Food Production. However, Conventional Manual Diagnosis Methods Are Time-consuming, Error-prone, And Often Depend On Expert Availability, Which Is Limited In Rural Areas. The Plant Disease Diagnosis System Bridges This Gap Through An AI-driven, Image-based Diagnostic Platform That Utilizes Machine Learning (ML) And Deep Learning (DL) Techniques To Identify And Classify Plant Leaf Diseases With High Precision. The System Leverages Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) For Image Recognitionand Integrates Them Into A User-friendly Web Application Built Using The MERN (MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, Node.js) Stack. Users Can Upload Plant Leaf Images Directly From The Interface, And The Model Instantly Predicts The Disease Type Along With Possible Remedies. In Addition, Real-time Data Visualization And An Intuitive Dashboard Enable Agricultural Experts To Monitor Disease Trends Across Regions. From A Technological Standpoint, The Platform Ensures Secure Data Handling And Scalable Architecture, Allowing Seamless Deployment For Farmers, Agricultural Institutions, And Research Centers. By Merging AI Capabilities With A Human-centered Design, This Project Empowers Users To Take Proactive Decisions, Minimizing Crop Damage And Maximizing Yield. In Essence, The Plant Disease Diagnosis System Redefines Modern Agriculture By Combining Artificial Intelligence, Predictive Analytics, And Cloud Integration To Provide An Efficient, Accessible, And Sustainable Solution To Crop Disease Management. In The Modern Agricultural Landscape, Plant Health Monitoring And Early Disease Detection Have Become Critical To Ensuring Food Security, Minimizing Economic Losses, And Promoting Sustainable Farming Practices. Traditional Disease Identification Methods Rely Heavily On Expert Knowledge And Manual Inspection, Which Are Often Time-consuming, Expensive, And Inaccessible To Farmers In Remote Or Resource-limited Areas. To Address These Challenges, The Plant Disease Diagnosis System (PDDS) Presents An AI-powered, Image-based Diagnostic Solution That Leverages Machine Learning (ML) And Deep Learning (DL) Techniques To Automatically Detect And Classify Plant Leaf Diseases From Digital Images. Beyond Disease Detection, PDDS Supports Data-driven Agricultural Intelligence By Analyzing Disease Trends And Generating Regional Health Statistics, Which Can Aid Researchers And Government Bodies In Monitoring Outbreaks. By Integrating Ethical AI Principles, Data Privacy Protocols, And Responsive Design, The System Ensures Both Accuracy And Inclusivity For Farmers, Researchers, And Agricultural Stakeholders. Read more Read less

Authors: Suguna M | Prakash N | Prasanna Hari V | Rajesh R | Rathish S

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Education

Scholar Sync: AI-Based Personalized Learning And Academic Management System

In Today’s Era Of Rapid Digital Transformation, The Education Sector Is Witnessing A Paradigm Shift From Traditional Classroom Learning To Personalized, Technology-driven Environments. Despite The Emergence Of Numerous E-learning Platforms, Many Fail... In Today’s Era Of Rapid Digital Transformation, The Education Sector Is Witnessing A Paradigm Shift From Traditional Classroom Learning To Personalized, Technology-driven Environments. Despite The Emergence Of Numerous E-learning Platforms, Many Fail To Address The Core Challenge Of Adaptability—delivering Content That Aligns With Each Learner’s Unique Pace, Ability, And Cognitive Style. Scholar Sync Bridges This Gap Through An Advanced AI-powered Personalized Learning And Academic Management System Designed To Optimize Student Engagement, Performance, And Retention. The System Leverages Hybrid Recommendation Algorithms Combining Content-based And Collaborative Filtering Techniques To Dynamically Generate Custom Learning Paths. These Paths Are Tailored According To Each Learner’s Strengths, Weaknesses, And Career Goals. A Built-in AI Tutor, Powered By Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) Models, Provides Intelligent Guidance And Instant Query Resolution By Sourcing Contextual Information From Course Materials. Furthermore, Adaptive Quizzes And Progress Tracking Modules Continuously Assess Student Growth, Adjusting Content Complexity In Real Time. From A Technological Standpoint, Scholar Sync Integrates A Secure Authentication Framework To Ensure Privacy And Integrity Of Academic Data. Tutors And Administrators Are Equipped With Intuitive Dashboards For Course Management, Performance Analysis, And Automated Feedback Generation. The Inclusion Of Gamification Elements—such As Streaks, Badges, And Leaderboards—transforms Learning Into An Engaging, Reward-based Experience That Encourages Consistent Participation. Beyond Functionality, Scholar Sync Embodies A Human-centered Approach To Educational Design, Emphasizing Motivation, Inclusivity, And Data Ethics. It Caters To Diverse Learners By Supporting Multi-language Interfaces, Accessibility Standards, And Equitable AI Models. By Merging Pedagogical Principles With Machine Intelligence, The Platform Not Only Personalizes Knowledge Delivery But Also Promotes Analytical Thinking And Continuous Learning. In Essence, Scholar Sync Redefines Modern Education By Acting As Both A Digital Mentor And An Academic Ecosystem. It Empowers Students To Take Ownership Of Their Learning Journey While Enabling Teachers To Provide Data-driven, Individualized Support. Through Its Fusion Of Artificial Intelligence, Adaptive Analytics, And Ethical Design, Scholar Sync Paves The Way For A Future Where Learning Is Personalized, Predictive, And Profoundly Human-centric. Read more Read less

Authors: Mr.K.Karthikeyan | Mohanraj R | Mounika B | Paneer Selvam V | Pavithira S

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) AI/ML

SMART STARTUP SUCCESS PREDICTOR

The Startup Idea Validator Is An AI-powered System Designed To Help Entrepreneurs And Students Evaluate The Potential Success Of Their Startup Ideas. Many New Businesses Fail Because Their Ideas Are Not Properly Tested Or Researched Before Launch. Th... The Startup Idea Validator Is An AI-powered System Designed To Help Entrepreneurs And Students Evaluate The Potential Success Of Their Startup Ideas. Many New Businesses Fail Because Their Ideas Are Not Properly Tested Or Researched Before Launch. This Project Aims To Solve That Problem By Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) To Analyze Market Trends, Financial News, Social Media Opinions, And Competitor Activities. The System Uses BERT And FinBERT Models To Understand Public Sentiment About Different Industries, And LIME And SHAP To Explain How The AI Arrived At Its Results. It Provides Users With A Success Probability Score And Clear Reasons Behind It, Making The Decision Process Transparent And Easy To Trust. Additionally, The Platform Includes A Community Voting Feature, Allowing Users To Receive Feedback From Other Entrepreneurs And Experts. By Combining AI-based Analysis With Human Insights, The Startup Idea Validator Helps Users Make Smarter, Data-driven, And More Confident Business Decisions. This Project Promotes Innovation By Reducing Risk, Improving Trust, And Supporting Entrepreneurs In Turning Great Ideas Into Successful Startups. Read more Read less

Authors: Kirupa P | Kaviyarasu M | Keerthana S | Megala M | Lenin prasshanth S

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) AI/ML

Fin Gold AI

This Project Presents FinGold AI, An Intelligent Financial Dashboard Built Using Streamlit That Helps Users Analyze Investment Opportunities And Plan Their Portfolios Effectively. The System Integrates A Secure Login And Signup Interface, Providing A... This Project Presents FinGold AI, An Intelligent Financial Dashboard Built Using Streamlit That Helps Users Analyze Investment Opportunities And Plan Their Portfolios Effectively. The System Integrates A Secure Login And Signup Interface, Providing A Personalized Experience For Each User. Once Logged In, Users Can Explore Four Categories Of Mutual Funds—Small Cap, Mid Cap, Large Cap, And Sectoral—along With Real-time Gold Price Trends Fetched Using Financial APIs. Each Category Displays Recent Market Performance And Key Risk-return Metrics, Enabling Informed Decision-making. The Platform Includes An Investment Plan Suggestor, Which Takes Inputs Such As Monthly Investment Amount, Investment Duration, And Risk Tolerance To Generate A Recommended Fund Allocation Strategy And Estimate Potential Returns. Additionally, A Built-in AI-powered Chatbot Assists Users With Financial Queries, Enhancing Interactivity And User Engagement. Overall, FinGold AI Serves As A Comprehensive, Data-driven Financial Assistant, Combining Intuitive Visualization, Automated Insights, And User-friendly Design To Help Investors Make Smarter And More Confident Investment Decisions. Read more Read less

Authors: Karthikeyan | Abishek G | Akash PJ | Akashykumar M | Arjun P

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Investment Analytics

Crystal Chart – A Cryptocurrency Analysis And Prediction Portal

Cryptocurrency Has Emerged As One Of The Most Transformative Financial Technologies Of The 21st Century. Its Appeal Lies In Decentralization, Global Adoption, And Potential For Exponential Profits. However, These Same Factors Also Contribute To Extre... Cryptocurrency Has Emerged As One Of The Most Transformative Financial Technologies Of The 21st Century. Its Appeal Lies In Decentralization, Global Adoption, And Potential For Exponential Profits. However, These Same Factors Also Contribute To Extreme Volatility, Misinformation, And Uninformed Investment Practices. Many New Investors Enter The Market Without Adequate Knowledge, Leading To Financial Losses. Crystal Chart Is Designed As A Web-based Platform That Addresses These Challenges By Combining Cryptocurrency Price Analysis, Prediction, Portfolio Tracking, Live News Updates, And Investment Simulation. The System Integrates Real-time Data From The CoinGecko API, Providing Users With Interactive Charts, Trending Coin Insights, Currency Conversion Tools, Related Coin Recommendations, And A News Aggregator For The Latest Crypto Headlines. The Platform Is Built Using React.js (frontend), Django REST Framework (backend APIs), And SQLite Database, Deployed On Render For Global Accessibility. Features Such As A Chatbot Assistant, Currency Converter, And Interactive Simulator Make Crystal Chart An Educational And Analytical Tool Rather Than Just A Market Tracker. By Merging Data Visualization, Live Market News, And Investment Simulation, Crystal Chart Enables Users—especially Beginners—to Make Informed Decisions, Understand Risks, And Reduce The Likelihood Of Blind Investments In The Volatile Cryptocurrency Market. Read more Read less

Authors: Ms. Nirmala D | Sanjay M R | Sivaguru M | Sowraj S | Thangamani S

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Mechanical Engineering

Aerodynamic Study Of Composite Ti-MMC Functionally Graded Grid Fins

Reusable Rockets Employ Grid Fins For Descent Control, But Conventional Materials Fail Under Combined Aerodynamic, Structural, And Thermal Loads. This Study Evaluates Aluminium 7075-T6, Titanium Ti-6Al-4V, And Titanium Metal Matrix Composite Function... Reusable Rockets Employ Grid Fins For Descent Control, But Conventional Materials Fail Under Combined Aerodynamic, Structural, And Thermal Loads. This Study Evaluates Aluminium 7075-T6, Titanium Ti-6Al-4V, And Titanium Metal Matrix Composite Functionally Graded Materials (Ti-MMC FGMs) Across Mach 0.8, 1.2, And 2.0 Using A Multi-physics ANSYS Framework. Results Show Ti-MMC FGMs Provide Up To 22% Higher Drag, 35% Lower Stresses, And 30% Reduced Deformation Compared To Titanium, While Sustaining Thermal Stability Beyond 2000 K. These Findings Establish Ti-MMC FGMs As Superior Candidates For Reusable Grid Fins In Next-generation Aerospace Systems Read more Read less

Authors: Srikar Doddi | Dr. Kalpana J Ph D

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) CSE

TREMORSENSE - Parkinson's Detection

I Parkinson's Disease (PD) Is A Progressive Neurodegenerative Disorder That Primarily Affects Motor Function. Early Diagnosis Is Crucial For Effective Management, Yet Current Methods Can Be Invasive, Costly, And Time-consuming. This Project, Tremorse... I Parkinson's Disease (PD) Is A Progressive Neurodegenerative Disorder That Primarily Affects Motor Function. Early Diagnosis Is Crucial For Effective Management, Yet Current Methods Can Be Invasive, Costly, And Time-consuming. This Project, Tremorsense, Presents A Non-invasive, Accessible, And Efficient Solution For The Preliminary Detection Of Parkinson's Disease Using Vocal Biomarkers. The System Is Developed As A Web Application Where Users Can Record And Upload A Short Voice Sample. This Sample Is Then Processed To Extract A Range Of Acoustic Features Known To Be Affected By PD, Such As Jitter, Shimmer, And Fundamental Frequency Variations. A Pre-trained Random Forest Machine Learning Model Analyzes These Features To Classify The Sample And Provide A Risk Assessment Score. The Methodology Follows A Standard Data Science Workflow, Including Data Preprocessing, Feature Extraction, And Model Training On A Publicly Available Dataset Of Voice Samples From Healthy Individuals And PD Patients. The Resulting Web Application Provides An Intuitive User Interface, Ensuring Ease Of Use For Individuals Without Technical Expertise. The Core Technologies Used Are Python For The Backend, The Scikit-learn Library For The Machine Learning Model, And HTML/CSS/JavaScript For The Frontend. Black Box Testing Was Conducted To Ensure Functionality And Usability. The Research Results In A Functional Prototype That Can Help Individuals Receive An Early Indication Of Risk, Encouraging Them To Seek Professional Medical Advice Sooner And Demonstrating The Potential Of Machine Learning In Modern Diagnostics. Read more Read less

Authors: Ms. Nirmala D | Mr. Naveen Rajan K S | Mr. Pranav Nair | Mr. Shakthi K N | Mr. Saravanan P

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) HEALTHCARE

HERWELLNESS-AI-Based Menstrual And Wellness Tracking System

In The Modern Era Of Digital Transformation, Women’s Health Management Has Become A Critical Focus Area In Healthcare Technology. Among Various Aspects Of Women’s Wellness, Menstrual Health Plays A Vital Role In Determining Physical, Emotional, And R... In The Modern Era Of Digital Transformation, Women’s Health Management Has Become A Critical Focus Area In Healthcare Technology. Among Various Aspects Of Women’s Wellness, Menstrual Health Plays A Vital Role In Determining Physical, Emotional, And Reproductive Well- Being. Despite The Availability Of Numerous Mobile Applications, Most Existing Platforms Are Limited To Basic Cycle Tracking And Lack Personalization, Accuracy, And Privacy. To Address These Gaps, HerWellness Has Been Developed As An Advanced AI-powered Menstrual And Wellness Tracking Platform Designed To Empower Women With Intelligent, Data-driven Health Insights. The System Utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) And Machine Learning (ML) Algorithms To Predict Menstrual Cycles, Analyze Fertility Windows, And Monitor Overall Wellness Parameters Such As Mood Fluctuations, Sleep Quality, Nutrition Intake, Hydration Levels, And Physical Activity Patterns. HerWellness Ensures A Holistic Approach To Women’s Wellness By Integrating Emotional, Physical, And Nutritional Health Into A Single Interactive System. The Platform Adapts To Individual Users By Learning From Their Daily Logs And Historical Data, Offering Phase-based Personalized Recommendations On Diet, Exercise, And Stress Management. In Addition, The Application Generates Detailed Analytical Reports That Can Be Securely Shared With Healthcare Professionals, Enhancing The Accuracy Of Medical Consultations. Data Privacy And Security Are Given The Highest Priority Through Encryption Mechanisms And User-controlled Data Access, Ensuring That Sensitive Health Information Remains Protected At All Times. By Bridging The Gap Between Technology And Healthcare, HerWellness Encourages Self-awareness, Preventive Care, And Informed Decision-making. This Innovation Serves As A Comprehensive Wellness Companion, Helping Women Understand And Manage Their Bodies More Effectively, Thereby Contributing To A Healthier And More Empowered Society. Read more Read less

Authors: Nirmala D. | Thiru Selvam | Vedhiha sri | Vijay Karthik E | Vigashini

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Marketing

Customer Satisfaction Customer Satisfaction In Green Cosmetics: A Study In Coimbatore City

In Recent Years, Consumer Preference Has Increasingly Shifted Toward Cosmetics That Are Both Safe For The Skin And Environmentally Sustainable. Referred To As Green Cosmetics, These Products Emphasize The Use Of Natural Ingredients And Adherence To E... In Recent Years, Consumer Preference Has Increasingly Shifted Toward Cosmetics That Are Both Safe For The Skin And Environmentally Sustainable. Referred To As Green Cosmetics, These Products Emphasize The Use Of Natural Ingredients And Adherence To Eco-friendly Practices. This Study Examines Customer Satisfaction With Green Cosmetics In Tamil Nadu, Aiming To Identify The Factors That Influence Consumer Perceptions, Including Product Quality, Pricing, Availability, And Brand Trust. Data Were Collected Through A Survey Conducted Among Diverse Consumer Groups To Capture Their Experiences And Opinions. The Findings Indicate That While The Majority Of Consumers Are Drawn To Green Cosmetics Due To Perceived Health And Safety Benefits, Overall Satisfaction Is Significantly Influenced By Product Effectiveness, Affordability, And Market Accessibility. The Insights From This Research Provide Valuable Guidance For Companies Seeking To Enhance Product Offerings And Marketing Strategies To Better Address Consumer Expectations And Foster Long-term Brand Loyalty. Read more Read less

Authors: Ms. K. R. Jananie | Ms. C. Keerthana

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Civil Engineering

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE OBLIQUE COLUMNS AND Y-SHAPED COLUMNS FOR HIGH-RISE STRUCTURES BY USING ETABS

This Study Presents A Comparative Analysis Of High-rise Reinforced Concrete (RC) Structures Incorporating Regular Columns, Oblique Columns, And Y-shaped Columns Using ETABS. With The Growing Demand For Innovative Architectural Forms And Efficient Str... This Study Presents A Comparative Analysis Of High-rise Reinforced Concrete (RC) Structures Incorporating Regular Columns, Oblique Columns, And Y-shaped Columns Using ETABS. With The Growing Demand For Innovative Architectural Forms And Efficient Structural Systems, Unconventional Column Configurations Are Being Explored To Enhance Both Functionality And Aesthetics. The Research Focuses On A G+20 Storied RC Structure Analyzed Under Seismic Loading Conditions As Per IS Codes. Three Structural Models—regular, Y-shaped, And Oblique—were Developed And Evaluated For Critical Performance Parameters, Including Displacement, Storey Drift, Base Shear, Time Period, And Frequency. The Analysis Results Reveal That The Oblique Column System (diagrid) Exhibits Superior Stiffness And Lateral Stability, Demonstrated By Reduced Displacements And Shorter Time Periods. The Y-shaped Column System Provided Balanced Performance, Offering Effective Control Of Storey Drift With Moderate Stiffness, Making It A Practical Alternative For Seismic Resistance. In Contrast, The Regular Column System Exhibited Higher Displacements And Longer Time Periods, Indicating Lower Seismic Efficiency. Overall, The Findings Emphasize That Adopting Oblique And Y-shaped Column Systems Can Significantly Enhance The Seismic Performance, Stability, And Architectural Flexibility Of High-rise Structures, Thereby Offering Promising Alternatives To Conventional Vertical Column Systems In Modern Construction. Read more Read less

Authors: Mr. Sandip Kolekar | Prof. R. S. Patil

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Computer Science And Engineering

SMART ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

Attendance Management Plays A Crucial Role In Maintaining Discipline And Tracking Student Participation In Educational Institutions. However, Traditional Attendance Systems Such As Manual Roll Calls And Paper Registers Are Inefficient, Error-prone, A... Attendance Management Plays A Crucial Role In Maintaining Discipline And Tracking Student Participation In Educational Institutions. However, Traditional Attendance Systems Such As Manual Roll Calls And Paper Registers Are Inefficient, Error-prone, And Susceptible To Proxy Entries. To Overcome These Challenges, The Proposed Smart Attendance System Integrates Biometric Technologies Such As Fingerprint And Face Recognition Into A Secure Web-based Platform. The System Ensures Accuracy, Transparency, And Reliability By Using OpenCV For Face Detection, Python And Node.js/Django For Backend Integration, And MySQL For Secure Data Storage. The Solution Is Tested Through Real-time User Scenarios And Black-box Testing, Proving Its Efficiency And Scalability For Institutional Deployment. Read more Read less

Authors: Nirmala D | Dharwin V | Dilipkumar S | Elavarasan C | Kameshgiri K

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Horticulture (fruit Science)

REVIEW ON PAPAIN EXTRACTION, PROCESSING AND ITS APPLICATION

Papain, A Cysteine Protease From Carica Papaya, Is Extensively Applied In Industrial, Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, And Biomedical Applications. This Review Considers Current And Ancient Techniques Of Papain Extraction, Purification, Stabilization, And I... Papain, A Cysteine Protease From Carica Papaya, Is Extensively Applied In Industrial, Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, And Biomedical Applications. This Review Considers Current And Ancient Techniques Of Papain Extraction, Purification, Stabilization, And Immobilization, And Reviews Its Diverse Applications With Recent Findings. Challenges, Reproducibility, Scaling, And Sustainability Issues Are Debated, As Well As Opportunities For Better Methods And Novel Applications Read more Read less

Authors: S.Srinivasamurthy | K.Tanish

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Professional Accounting

CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF GLOBAL BRAND IN LOCAL MARKET (BRAND KFC)

This Artwork Explores The Journey Of A Global Brand Adapting Within A Local Culture, Focusing On KFC Asa Symbol Of Globalization. While The Brand Enters Diverse Markets With Its Strong Universal Identity, It Reshapes Itself According To Cultural Valu... This Artwork Explores The Journey Of A Global Brand Adapting Within A Local Culture, Focusing On KFC Asa Symbol Of Globalization. While The Brand Enters Diverse Markets With Its Strong Universal Identity, It Reshapes Itself According To Cultural Values In Order To Survive And Thrive. The Red And White Tones Reflect The Brand’s Global Recognition, While Local Textures, Patterns, And Earthy Colours Symbolize Tradition And Native Tastes. Their Fusion Represents The Blending Of Modernity With Heritage, Where Sharp Geometric Forms Suggest Corporate Standardization And Flowing Organic Shapes Embody Cultural Uniqueness. The Overlapping Of These Elements Highlights Negotiation And Adaptation, Creating A Central “fusion Zone” Where Global And Local Identities Meet To Form Something New. This Space Reflects Modified Menus, Local Flavors, And Cultural Acceptance While Also Hinting At The Tension Between Global Dominance And Local Traditions. Yet, Despite The Contrasts, Harmony Emerges As Both Sides Influence Each Other Equally. The Artwork Thus Emphasizes That Branding Is Not Static But Constantly Evolving, Shaped By The Dialogue Between Globalization And Localization In Everyday Life. Read more Read less

Authors: Harish V | Dr D Sharon

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Marketing

Study Of Student’s Opinion Regarding Implementation Of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Is Increasingly Being Applied In The Field Of Education, Offering Opportunities Such As Personalized Learning, Intelligent Tutoring And Improved Efficiency. However, The Successful Implementation Of AI Depends Largely On... Artificial Intelligence (AI) Is Increasingly Being Applied In The Field Of Education, Offering Opportunities Such As Personalized Learning, Intelligent Tutoring And Improved Efficiency. However, The Successful Implementation Of AI Depends Largely On The Perceptions And Acceptance Of Students, Who Are The Primary Beneficiaries Of The Education System. This Study Aims To Explore Students’ Opinions Regarding The Implementation Of AI In Education. Data Was Collected Through A Structured Questionnaire Focusing On Awareness, Perceived Benefits, Concerns, And Readiness For AI-based Learning. The Survey Highlights Both The Perceived Benefits, Such As Personalized Learning And Efficiency, And Concerns, Including Privacy, Ethics, And Over-reliance. Data Was Collected Using A Structured Questionnaire To Assess Students’ Awareness, Perceived Benefits, Concerns, And Readiness Toward AI-based Learning. The Findings Reveal That Most Students View AI Positively For Its Potential To Make Learning More Engaging And Effective. However, They Also Express Concerns Related To Ethical Use, Academic Integrity, Data Privacy, And Over-dependence On Technology. The Study Contributes To A Better Understanding Of Student Attitudes Towards AI, Providing Valuable Insights For Educators, Policymakers, And Technology Developers To Design AI Systems That Align With Student Needs And Preferences. Read more Read less

Authors: Dr W Saranya | Mr.GTharuneshvar

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Marine And Estuarine Ecology

Bio-Optical Characterization And Ecological Plasticity Of The Hooghly-Matla Estuarine Ecoregion - An ISRO-Sponsored Study On The Impact Of Cyclone Remal On The Optically Complex Shallow Waters Of Northwestern Bay Of Bengal

The Present Study Was Aimed At Assessing The Impact Of Tropical Cyclonic Storms On Mangrove Dominated Vertically Well-mixed Estuaries. The Landfall Of Cyclone Remal Over An Area That Is Predominantly The Sundarban Straddling Hooghly-Matla Estuarine C... The Present Study Was Aimed At Assessing The Impact Of Tropical Cyclonic Storms On Mangrove Dominated Vertically Well-mixed Estuaries. The Landfall Of Cyclone Remal Over An Area That Is Predominantly The Sundarban Straddling Hooghly-Matla Estuarine Complex Provided With Such An Opportunity Since It Was Already Under Environmental Monitoring At The Time. A Considerable Array Of Relevant Variables Was Chosen For The Study Encompassing Meteorological, Physicochemical, As Well As Biological Sections Of The Ecosystem. The Observed Values Of Mean Meteorological And Physical Variables Were Not Much Different In The Wake Of The Storm After A Few Weeks Than What Was Recorded Prior To The Storm. Dissolved Nitrates, Phosphates, And Silicates Were Relatively Higher Following The Storm, But Not To The Anticipated Extent. This Had Triggered An Influx Of Stenohaline Phytoplankton Owing To Lingering Shifts In Salinity And PH Following The Storm, Conducive Enough For The Species. This Change Was Not Exclusive Of The Euryhaline Species But Was Sufficient To Modify The Diversity Index Of The Population. It Was Also Reflected On Chl A And TSM Data, Corroborated By Both In Situ And OCM 3 Satellite Generated Readings, In Spite Of The Population Density Being Not Too Dissimilar To Pre Storm State. The Effect Of The Storm Was Observed In CDOM Contents As Well But Due To The Unique Nature Of The Estuary Itself, It Was Already Observed Bordering On Pre Storm Data Even Only A Few Weeks Later. Read more Read less

Authors: Dr. Abhishek Mukherjee | Prof. Tarun Kumar De | Dr. Anurag Gupta

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Artificial Intelligence

EMOTION – AWARE GENERATIVE AI: ENHANCING HUMAN AI INTERACTION WITH MOOD ADOPTIVE LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL

Large Language Models (LLMs) Have Demonstrated Outstanding Performance In Natural Language Generation, Yet They Often Struggle To Adjust Their Behavior According To Users’ Emotional States. This Lack Of Emotional Awareness Can Result In Responses Tha... Large Language Models (LLMs) Have Demonstrated Outstanding Performance In Natural Language Generation, Yet They Often Struggle To Adjust Their Behavior According To Users’ Emotional States. This Lack Of Emotional Awareness Can Result In Responses That Appear Flat, Inappropriate, Or Lacking Empathy, Ultimately Diminishing Trust And User Satisfaction In Human–AI Communication. To Overcome This Limitation, We Introduce An Emotion-aware Generative AI Framework That Seamlessly Integrates Emotion Recognition With Mood-adaptive Text Generation. The Framework Employs A Transformer-based Classifier To Detect Emotions Such As Joy, Sadness, Anger, And Anxiety, And Translates These States Into Stylistic Controls That Shape The LLM’s Responses. By Conditioning Generation On Detected Moods, The Model Is Able To Produce Empathetic, Contextually Appropriate, And User-focused Outputs. Experiments Using Standard Emotion Datasets And User Evaluations Demonstrate Notable Improvements In Perceived Empathy, Engagement, And Satisfaction When Compared To Conventional LLMs. This Study Underscores The Importance Of Embedding Emotional Intelligence In Generative AI And Highlights Its Potential To Enable More Natural, Trustworthy, And Affective Applications Across Healthcare, Education, Customer Service, And Personal Assistance. Read more Read less

Authors: Mrs. S. Sabeena | Saran K

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Marketing

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN RAILWAY TICKETING: AN ANALYSIS OF USER SATISFACTION AND AI SUPPORT

The Rapid Growth Of Digital Technologies Has Significantly Transformed The Railway Ticketing System, Replacing Traditional Methods With User-friendly Online Platforms And Mobile Applications. This Study, Titled “Digital Transformation In Railway Tick... The Rapid Growth Of Digital Technologies Has Significantly Transformed The Railway Ticketing System, Replacing Traditional Methods With User-friendly Online Platforms And Mobile Applications. This Study, Titled “Digital Transformation In Railway Ticketing: An Analysis Of User Satisfaction And AI Support”, Explores The Evolving Landscape Of Digital Ticket Booking And Evaluates User Experiences In This Domain. The Primary Objectives Are To Identify The Most Commonly Used Train Ticket Booking Applications, To Examine The Level Of Satisfaction With Various Features Offered By These Apps, To Analyze The Usefulness Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies In Enhancing The Booking Experience, And To Study The Challenges Encountered By Users During The Process. The Research Highlights How AI-driven Tools, Such As Chatbots, Predictive Search, And Personalized Recommendations, Contribute To Efficiency And Convenience, While Also Addressing User Concerns Related To Technical Glitches, Payment Security, And Accessibility. By Combining User Feedback With Analytical Insights, This Study Provides A Comprehensive Understanding Of Digital Transformation In Railway Ticketing And Offers Recommendations For Improving App Usability, Reliability, And AI Integration. Read more Read less

Authors: Ms. KamaliPriya .S | Dr. G. Sowmya

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Marketing

A Study On The Impact Of Online Flash Sales On Consumer Buying Behaviour In Coimbatore City

The Rapid Expansion Of E-commerce Has Transformed Shopping Behavior, With Online Flash Sales Emerging As A Popular Strategy To Attract Consumers Through Time-bound Discounts And Promotional Offers. These Sales Not Only Create Excitement But Also Infl... The Rapid Expansion Of E-commerce Has Transformed Shopping Behavior, With Online Flash Sales Emerging As A Popular Strategy To Attract Consumers Through Time-bound Discounts And Promotional Offers. These Sales Not Only Create Excitement But Also Influence Purchasing Decisions By Leveraging Digital Platforms And Consumer Psychology. The Study Titled *“A Study On The Impact Of Online Flash Sales On Consumer Buying Behaviour In Coimbatore City”* Aims To Explore How Flash Sales Shape Consumer Attitudes, Preferences, And Decision-making Processes. It Focuses On Understanding Demographic Influences, Awareness Levels, And Participation Patterns Of Consumers In Coimbatore. By Analyzing Various Factors Such As Promotional Strategies, Platform Preferences, And Product Categories, The Study Seeks To Provide Insights Into The Growing Role Of Flash Sales In Modern Retail. Read more Read less

Authors: Rishikesh.M | Ms.W.Infant Emiliya

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) MARKETING

Impact Of Influencer Marketing On Consumer Buying Behaviour: Evidence From Indian Millennials

Influencer Marketing Has Emerged As One Of The Most Dynamic Strategies In Digital Advertising, Reshaping Consumer-brand Interactions. With The Rise Of Social Media Platforms Such As Instagram, YouTube, And Facebook, Influencers Have Become Key Opinio... Influencer Marketing Has Emerged As One Of The Most Dynamic Strategies In Digital Advertising, Reshaping Consumer-brand Interactions. With The Rise Of Social Media Platforms Such As Instagram, YouTube, And Facebook, Influencers Have Become Key Opinion Leaders Who Can Shape Perceptions, Preferences, And Purchase Decisions. This Study Examines The Impact Of Influencer Marketing On Consumer Buying Behaviour, With A Focus On Indian Millennials, Who Constitute The Largest Consumer Base For Digital Platforms. A Structured Questionnaire Was Administered To 150 Respondents In Coimbatore, Analysing Their Social Media Usage Patterns, Influencer Trust Levels, And Purchase Behaviours. Data Was Analysed Using Percentage Analysis, Chi-square Tests, And ANOVA. The Findings Reveal That While Influencer Marketing Significantly Impacts Purchase Decisions, Factors Such As Authenticity, Trust, And Engagement Are Stronger Drivers Than Follower Count. Instagram And YouTube Emerged As The Most Influential Platforms. However, Affordability And Product Quality Remain Critical For Repeat Purchases. The Study Suggests That Brands Should Prioritize Authentic Collaborations, Transparency, And Relatable Storytelling To Build Sustainable Consumer Trust And Loyalty. Read more Read less

Authors: Dr P Pirakatheeswari | Mr S Alahappan

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Mechanical Engineering

Performance And Emission Characteristics Of A DI Diesel Engine Using Hydrogen And Cotton Seed Methyl Ester Blends

Engine Exhaust Emissions Are A Major Environmental Concern, Motivating The Search For Sustainable And Cleaner Alternatives To Conventional Diesel Fuel. While Vegetable Oil–based Fuels Are Renewable And Eco-friendly, Their Direct Use In Diesel Engines... Engine Exhaust Emissions Are A Major Environmental Concern, Motivating The Search For Sustainable And Cleaner Alternatives To Conventional Diesel Fuel. While Vegetable Oil–based Fuels Are Renewable And Eco-friendly, Their Direct Use In Diesel Engines Often Results In Higher Smoke Emissions And Lower Thermal Efficiency. One Promising Strategy To Overcome These Drawbacks Is The Induction Of A Clean Gaseous Fuel, Such As Hydrogen, Into The Intake Manifold To Enhance The Combustion Process.In This Study, The Performance, Combustion, And Emission Characteristics Of A Single-cylinder, Four-stroke, Air-cooled, Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) Diesel Engine Were Evaluated Using A Dual-fuel Approach. Cotton Seed Methyl Ester (CSME B20) Was Used As The Primary Fuel, With Hydrogen Inducted At Flow Rates Of 4 LPM And 8 LPM Through The Intake Manifold. The Results Were Compared With Those From Conventional Diesel Operation.The Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) Improved From 33.35% For Diesel To 33.65% And 35.12% With 4 LPM And 8 LPM Hydrogen Enrichment, Respectively, Under Full-load Conditions. The High Flame Propagation Speed Of Hydrogen Enhanced Air–fuel Mixing And Combustion, Leading To Improved Thermal Efficiency And Reduced Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Which Reached 0.24 Kg/kW•hr At 8 LPM. However, A Marginal Rise In NOₓ Emissions (up To 2120 Ppm) Was Observed Due To Elevated Combustion Temperatures. Conversely, Hydrogen Enrichment Significantly Lowered Smoke Opacity (from 66.9% At 4 LPM To 61.7% At 8 LPM), Carbon Monoxide (0.019% At Full Load), And Unburnt Hydrocarbons. Overall, CSME B20 With 8 LPM Hydrogen Exhibited The Best Performance, Indicating Its Potential As A Cleaner And Efficient Alternative Fuel For Compression Ignition Engines. Read more Read less

Authors: Sheshadri T | Yuthra Praveen Kumar P | Siva Surya P | Tamil Selvan V | Dr. Lavanya D

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Marketing

HUMAN-AI COLLABORATION IN MARKETING DECISION- MAKING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BUSINESS LOCATED AT COIMBATORE CITY

This Study Explores The Role Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Marketing, With A Focus On Businesses In Coimbatore. AI Has Become A Transformative Tool That Enables Organizations To Analyse Consumer Data, Predict Buying Behaviour, Personalize Market... This Study Explores The Role Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Marketing, With A Focus On Businesses In Coimbatore. AI Has Become A Transformative Tool That Enables Organizations To Analyse Consumer Data, Predict Buying Behaviour, Personalize Marketing Campaigns, And Improve Decision-making. The Research Evaluates The Impact Of AI On Marketing Strategies, Its Contribution To Consumer Convenience, And Its Potential To Increase Sales And Market Share. At The Same Time, It Identifies Key Challenges Such As High Implementation Costs, Lack Of Skilled Professionals, And Data Privacy Concerns, Which Hinder Effective Adoption. Based On Responses From 66 Participants, The Findings Highlight That While AI Adoption Is Steadily Increasing, Greater Awareness, Skill Development, And Strategic Integration Are Essential To Maximize Its Benefits. The Study Concludes That AI Is Not Only A Driver Of Efficiency And Personalization But Also A Critical Factor In Creating Sustainable, Customer-centric Marketing Practices. Read more Read less

Authors: Mr. Vishnu S | Dr.G.Sowmya

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) MARKETING

A Impact Of Food Advertisement In Television Among Consumers Behavior In Coimbatore City

This Study Explores How Television Food Advertisements Shape Consumer Behaviour In Coimbatore City. With Visual Appeal, Persuasive Messaging, And Emotional Cues, Advertisements Often Influence Purchase Decisions Beyond Product Quality Or Price. By An... This Study Explores How Television Food Advertisements Shape Consumer Behaviour In Coimbatore City. With Visual Appeal, Persuasive Messaging, And Emotional Cues, Advertisements Often Influence Purchase Decisions Beyond Product Quality Or Price. By Analysing Consumer Perceptions, Buying Patterns, And The Psychological Impact Of Televised Promotions, The Study Highlights How Advertising Strategies Mold Preferences And Drive Consumption Trends. Television Has Long Transcended Its Role As A Source Of Entertainment, Evolving Into A Powerful Medium That Shapes Consumer Desires, Perceptions, And Behaviours. Food Advertisements, In Particular, Leverage Visual Storytelling, Emotional Triggers, And Persuasive Cues To Influence What People Eat And Why They Choose Certain Brands. In Coimbatore City Where Traditional Culinary Preferences Meet The Fast-growing Trend Of Branded Dining Television Advertising Plays A Pivotal Role In Shaping Purchase Intentions And Redefining Eating Habits. Read more Read less

Authors: Dr W Saranya | Ms R Arbutha

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Electronics And Communications Engineering

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR FLOOD FORECASTING : A REVIEW

Flooding Remains One Of India’s Most Pressing Natural Hazards, With The National Disaster Management Authority Reporting That Over 12% Of The Country’s Landaround 40 Million Hectaresis Vulnerable To Inundation. In 2024, Extreme Rainfall And Flooding... Flooding Remains One Of India’s Most Pressing Natural Hazards, With The National Disaster Management Authority Reporting That Over 12% Of The Country’s Landaround 40 Million Hectaresis Vulnerable To Inundation. In 2024, Extreme Rainfall And Flooding Events Caused Nearly 900 Deaths And Displaced Thousands. Conventional Hydrological Models, Though Widely Adopted, Often Face Difficulties In Delivering Timely And Accurate Predictions. Progress In Artificial Intelligence (AI) Has Introduced New Possibilities For Enhancing Flood Forecasting, Where Machine Learning And Deep Learning Approaches Can Capture Nonlinear Hydrological Relationships And Improve Response Planning. This Paper Reviews Both Traditional Modelling Frameworks And Modern AI-based Strategies, Including Flood Alert Systems And Geospatial Mapping Solutions, And Evaluates Their Effectiveness In Disaster Preparedness. The Findings Indicate That AI Holds Strong Potential For Advancing Resilience In Flood-prone Regions. Read more Read less

Authors: Samaanta R | Kevin K Joseph

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) CSE

FRUIT QUALITY DETECTION USING RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM

The Expense Of The Fruit Is Thought To Be Nearly A Third Of What Is Lost Due To Fruit Rotting, Which Has Major Economic Repercussions. Additionally, Fruit Sales Will Suffer Because Consumers Believe That Spoiled Fruits Are Harmful To Their Health. Re... The Expense Of The Fruit Is Thought To Be Nearly A Third Of What Is Lost Due To Fruit Rotting, Which Has Major Economic Repercussions. Additionally, Fruit Sales Will Suffer Because Consumers Believe That Spoiled Fruits Are Harmful To Their Health. Recently, A Technology-based Method For Evaluating Fruit Quality Was Launched. This Technology Is Increasingly Being Used In The Produce Business And In Agriculture. Here, We Suggested Using The Random Forest Method To Identify Fruit Grade. This System's Primary Objective Is To Supplant Human Inspection Methods. This Saves Time While Also Accelerating The Process And Improving Precision And Productivity. Before Beginning The Random Forest Process, The Input Picture Was First Divided Into Parts, Unwanted Regions And Regions With Flaws Were Segregated, And Then Some Of The Characteristics Were Extracted. The Suggested Idea Could Be A Wonderful Method For Retailers To Generate High-quality Sales Of Food Products, Particularly Perishable Fruits. For Managing Food Products In Markets, Shops, And Other Locations, This Is A Great Option. Read more Read less

Authors: Ms. R.M Danushree | Ms. M. Aishwaryashree

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Cyber Security And Machine Learning

Leveraging Q-Learning For Proactive Security Against Adversarial Band Jamming In Wireless Networks

Wireless Networks Are Being Used In Several Applications These Days Such As Large Scale Industries, Chemical Plants, Underground Mines, Disaster Management, Military And Defense Etc. However, Due To The Large Scale Of The Network And Wireless Data Tr... Wireless Networks Are Being Used In Several Applications These Days Such As Large Scale Industries, Chemical Plants, Underground Mines, Disaster Management, Military And Defense Etc. However, Due To The Large Scale Of The Network And Wireless Data Transfer, The Data Transmission Is Often Prone To Attacks. In This Context, Physical Layer Security (PLS) Has Emerged As An Attractive Solution For Securing Wireless Transmissions By Exploiting The Wireless Channel Characteristics.This Work Presents A Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Approach For Frequency Hopping Mechanism To Ensure Security To Wireless Sensor Networks. The Evaluation Parameters Chosen Are Average Reward, BER And Outage Probability. It Can Be Observed From The Results That As The Spreading Factor Increases, The BER Also Increase Showing A Compromise Between Security And Errors. It Has Been Shown That The Proposed System Achieves Lower BER And Outage Probability Compared To Previously Existing Techniques. Read more Read less

Authors: Rahul Choudhary

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Management

Designing Hyperlocal Dark Store Locations: A Spatial Analysis Of Tier-1 And Tier-2 Indian Cities

The Indian Quick Commerce (Hyperlocal Delivery) Market Is Undergoing Explosive Growth, Reshaping The Nation's Urban Retail Landscape. This Transformation Is Architected Around The Hyperlocal Dark Store, A Micro-fulfillment Center Pivotal For Sub-30-m... The Indian Quick Commerce (Hyperlocal Delivery) Market Is Undergoing Explosive Growth, Reshaping The Nation's Urban Retail Landscape. This Transformation Is Architected Around The Hyperlocal Dark Store, A Micro-fulfillment Center Pivotal For Sub-30-minute Deliveries. As Competition Intensifies, The Strategic Placement Of These Assets Has Become A Critical Determinant Of Operational Efficiency And Profitability. This Paper Presents A Spatial Analysis Framework For Designing Dark Store Networks, Focusing On The Divergent Characteristics Of India's Tier-1 And Tier-2 Urban Centers. The Analysis Reveals A Stark Dichotomy: Tier-1 Cities (e.g., Chennai, Mumbai, Bengaluru) Are Dense, High-income Markets Where Success Demands A Strategy Of Surgical Precision, Using Granular Geospatial Data To Mitigate Logistical Bottlenecks Like Traffic Congestion. Conversely, Tier-2 Cities (e.g., Jaipur, Lucknow) Represent The Next Growth Frontier, Characterized By A Price-sensitive Consumer Base And Lower Operational Costs. Here, The Strategic Imperative Shifts To Demand Forecasting And Managing The Unit Economics Of Lower Order Density. We Conclude That A Sophisticated, Data-driven Spatial Strategy, Integrating Multiple Geospatial Data Layers With AI-powered Predictive Models, Is The Cornerstone Of A Successful Hyperlocal Delivery Network. This Framework Enables The Identification Of High-potential Demand Clusters And The Design Of Optimized, Adaptable Networks Essential For Achieving Sustainable Unit Economics In The Complex Indian Market. Read more Read less

Authors: Ms. Meena Loshini S | Dr. KANNADASAN N

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Electronics Engineering

Deep Learning – Based Intelligent System For Printed Circuit Board Defect Identification

In The Fast-paced Electronics Manufacturing Industry, Ensuring Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Quality Is Vital For Producing Reliable, High-performance Devices. Traditional Methods Like Manual Inspection And Rule-based Vision Struggle With Small Or Comp... In The Fast-paced Electronics Manufacturing Industry, Ensuring Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Quality Is Vital For Producing Reliable, High-performance Devices. Traditional Methods Like Manual Inspection And Rule-based Vision Struggle With Small Or Complex Defects, Leading To Inefficiencies. This Work Presents A Deep Learning-based Approach Using YOLOv8 For Automated PCB Defect Detection And Classification. The System Detects Defects Such As Missing Holes, Mouse Bites, Open Circuits, Shorts, Spurious Copper, And Spurs With Real-time Performance And Achieves A Mean Average Precision (mAP) Above 90%. Integrated With A Flask Web Application, It Allows Instant PCB Image Analysis, Offering A Scalable And Efficient Solution For Quality Control.The Use Of YOLOv8 Ensures Fast Inference Speed, Making The System Suitable For Real-time Deployment In Production Lines. The Model Is Trained On A Diverse Dataset Of PCB Images, Improving Its Robustness Against Variations In Defect Type, Size, And Position. By Automating The Defect Detection Process, The System Reduces Dependency On Manual Labor And Minimizes Inspection Errors. It Also Provides Manufacturers With A Cost-effective Solution That Scales With Industry Demands. Future Improvements Will Target Multi-layer PCB Inspection, Advanced Imaging (X-ray/IR), Predictive Maintenance, And Edge-based Inference, Making It Adaptable To Next-generation Electronics Manufacturing. Read more Read less

Authors: Assist.Prof.K.Poonkodi | Assist.Prof. Dr.M.Vinoth

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Mechanical Engineering

Solar-Powered Adjustable Boom Sprayers For Precision And Consistent Crop Coverage

The Main Purpose Of Manufacturing This Product Is To Enable Farmers And Gardeners To Form The Process Of Spraying Pesticides And Herbicides To Their Gardens To Become More Practical. It Helps The Gardeners Work Because They Must Not Carry The Tank On... The Main Purpose Of Manufacturing This Product Is To Enable Farmers And Gardeners To Form The Process Of Spraying Pesticides And Herbicides To Their Gardens To Become More Practical. It Helps The Gardeners Work Because They Must Not Carry The Tank On Their Back That May Cause Their Back Strain And Pain . This Product Only Must Be Pushed Forward Similar To How The Trolley Functions So It'll Be Mechanically Pumped By The Set Of Power Battery To The Motor, Forward The Pressure Through Pump And Pump To Nozzle . Energy To Pump The Tank Pump Is Often Reduced. Next, It Also Comes With A Pair Of Nozzles On The Back . This Product Can Help Gardeners In Terms Of Comfort During Spraying, Reducing Energy To Pump Tanks, And Effectively Utilizing Spraying Time. Through Mechanization, Automation, And Intensification, There Has Been A Substantial Increase In Agricultural Production Over Time. The Efficiency, Reliability, And Precision Of Agricultural Equipment Have Improved Significantly With Automation, Leading To A Reduced Dependency On Human Intervention. The Surge In The Adoption Of Agricultural Machine Research And Technologies Is A Response To The Growing Recognition That Machines Offer An Effective Solution To Address The Shortage Of Skilled Workers In Crop Production. The Increasing Global Demand For Food, Coupled With The Need For Sustainable Farming Practices, Has Led To Significant Innovations In Agricultural Technologies. Among These, Advanced Agricultural Spray Machines Play A Critical Role In Modern Crop Management By Enhancing The Precision, Efficiency, And Environmental Safety Of Agrochemical Application. Practical Benefits Of Advanced Spray Systems In Agriculture, Highlighting Their Role In Promoting Precision Farming And Sustainable Agricultural Development. Read more Read less

Authors: Dnyaneshwari V. Gophane | Anand D. Kamble | Suraj S. Gele | Mahesh U. Gandhale | Vishwajit V. Kambale | Pradnya P. Navale

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Engineering

Design And Development Of An Automated Bottle Crushing Machine

The Increasing Consumption Of Bottled Products Has Led To A Significant Rise In Plastic And Glass Waste, Creating Major Challenges For Waste Management And Environmental Sustainability. Conventional Disposal Methods Are Inefficient, Space-consuming,... The Increasing Consumption Of Bottled Products Has Led To A Significant Rise In Plastic And Glass Waste, Creating Major Challenges For Waste Management And Environmental Sustainability. Conventional Disposal Methods Are Inefficient, Space-consuming, And Labour-intensive, Making Recycling Less Effective. This Project Presents The Design And Development Of An Automated Bottle Crushing Machine Aimed At Reducing Bottle Volume, Enabling Easy Handling, And Promoting Effective Recycling. The Proposed Machine Employs A Combination Of Mechanical Crushing Mechanisms And Electrical Motor Are Used By The Crushing The Bottles Into Small Piece Or Less Volume Bottles. Key Components Include A Yoke Mechanism,press And Connecting Rod, Motor-driven Crushing Unit, A Hopper Is Provided And A Collection System For Crushed Output. Automation Ensures Improved Safety, Reduced Manual Effort, And Consistent Operation. The Developed System Is Compact, Cost-effective, And Energy-efficient, Making It Suitable For Use In Public Places, Recycling Plants, And Industries Where Large Quantities Of Bottles Are Disposed Of Daily. By Significantly Reducing The Size Of Waste Bottles, The Machine Contributes To Efficient Storage, Transportation, And Recycling Processes, Thereby Supporting Environmental Conservation And Sustainable Waste Management Practices Read more Read less

Authors: Dnyaneshwari V. Gophane | Anand D. Kamble | Suraj S. Gele | Mahesh U. Gandhale | Vishwajit V. Kambale | Pradnya P. Navale

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) CONTROL SYSTEM

Hybrid Wind, Battery, And Solar System For Enhanced Efficiency And Reliability Of Power System

This Paper Presents The Design, Integration, And Performance Analysis Of A Hybrid Power System Combining Wind Energy, Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Energy, And Battery Storage To Deliver A Sustainable And Reliable Energy Solution. By Leveraging The Complem... This Paper Presents The Design, Integration, And Performance Analysis Of A Hybrid Power System Combining Wind Energy, Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Energy, And Battery Storage To Deliver A Sustainable And Reliable Energy Solution. By Leveraging The Complementary Nature Of Wind And Solar Resources, The System Ensures Continuous Power Generation Under Varying Environmental Conditions. The Integration Of Battery Storage Enhances Reliability By Mitigating Intermittency And Optimizing Energy Distribution. Key System Components Are Modeled And Evaluated In Terms Of Efficiency, Cost-effectiveness, And Environmental Impact. Simulation Results Validate The System's Capability To Meet Energy Demands While Reducing Dependence On Conventional Power Sources. This Study Offers Valuable Insights Into The Design, Optimization, And Practical Implementation Of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems For Both Grid-connected And Off-grid Applications. Read more Read less

Authors: Mr. Rushikesh Radhakishan Dhavte | Prof. Dr. V.V. Yerigeri | Prof. Dr. S.V. Yerigeri

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Artificial Intelligence

AI - Powered Stock Market Web

The Rapid Expansion Of Financial Technology Has Revolutionized How Investors Interact With The Indian Stock Market. However, Many Existing Trading And Analysis Platforms Lack Intelligent Prediction, Real-time Insights, And Adaptive User Experiences.... The Rapid Expansion Of Financial Technology Has Revolutionized How Investors Interact With The Indian Stock Market. However, Many Existing Trading And Analysis Platforms Lack Intelligent Prediction, Real-time Insights, And Adaptive User Experiences. To Address These Challenges, The AI-Powered Indian Stock Market Web Has Been Developed As A Comprehensive, Intelligent, And User-friendly Platform For Investors. The System Integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) And Machine Learning (ML) Models To Forecast Stock Price Movements, Analyze Trends, And Offer Data-driven Recommendations. Using Modern Web Technologies Such As React.js, Node.js, And MySQL, It Provides Real-time Visualization, Portfolio Management, And Chatbot-based Interaction For User Assistance. The Platform Not Only Promotes Financial Literacy But Also Supports Informed Decision-making Through Personalized Insights, Secure Data Management, And Predictive Analytics. By Combining AI, Finance, And Web Innovation, This Project Contributes To Building A Smart And Accessible Digital Investment Ecosystem For All Types Of Investors. Read more Read less

Authors: Kirupa P | Anjjusre B | Vinitha G | Vishwa K | Visvath T

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Deep Learning

Blood Group Detection Using Fingerprint

Blood Group Detection Using Fingerprints Is An Emerging Interdisciplinary Field Combining Biometric Technology, Forensic Science, And Biomedical Analysis. This Approach Aims To Determine An Individual's Blood Group Through The Analysis Of Fingerprint... Blood Group Detection Using Fingerprints Is An Emerging Interdisciplinary Field Combining Biometric Technology, Forensic Science, And Biomedical Analysis. This Approach Aims To Determine An Individual's Blood Group Through The Analysis Of Fingerprint Patterns And Associated Physiological Features. Recent Research Has Shown A Potential Correlation Between Ridge Density, Pattern Types, And Blood Groups, Enabling Non-invasive And Rapid Blood Typing Techniques. This Report Presents A Comprehensive Review Of Methodologies, System Designs, Algorithms, And Recent Advancements In Using Fingerprint-based Identification For Blood Group Detection. Read more Read less

Authors: Suguna M | Bala Selva Kumar S | Brindha N | Brishco K | Dhanalakshmi G

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Commerce – Bank Management

Financial Inclusion And Sustainable Entrepreneurship: Catalysing Women’s Empowered Livelihoods In India

This Study Investigates The Role Of Digital Literacy As A Mediator Between Enabling Factors—access To Finance, Training And Skill Development, Institutional Support, And Technology Adoption—and Women’s Empowered Livelihoods. A Sample Of 416 Responden... This Study Investigates The Role Of Digital Literacy As A Mediator Between Enabling Factors—access To Finance, Training And Skill Development, Institutional Support, And Technology Adoption—and Women’s Empowered Livelihoods. A Sample Of 416 Respondents Was Analyzed Using Descriptive Statistics, Reliability Tests, Exploratory And Confirmatory Factor Analyses, And Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) With AMOS. Results Indicated That All Independent Variables Significantly Influenced Digital Literacy, Which In Turn Strongly Predicted Women’s Livelihood Empowerment. Cronbach’s Alpha Values Exceeded 0.80 Across Constructs, Confirming Internal Consistency, While EFA And CFA Validated The Measurement Model With Acceptable Fit Indices. SEM Results Further Established Digital Literacy As A Central Mechanism Translating External Enablers Into Empowerment Outcomes. Moreover, Policy And Social Capital Were Found To Moderate The Relationship Between Digital Literacy And Women’s Livelihoods, Suggesting That Supportive Environments Amplify The Benefits Of Digital Skills. The Findings Align With Capability And Social Capital Theories, Underscoring That Empowerment Is Shaped Not Only By Individual Competencies But Also By Institutional And Social Contexts. This Study Contributes To The Literature On Gender And Digital Inclusion By Providing Empirical Evidence From A Developing Economy Context. The Implications Emphasize The Need For Integrated Interventions That Combine Financial Inclusion, Digital Training, Institutional Support, And Favorable Policies To Promote Sustainable Women’s Empowerment In The Digital Era. Read more Read less

Authors: Arvindh Rajasekar | Pavithra Sivagnanam

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) CONTROL SYSTEM

SENSORLESS PMBLDC MOTOR DRIVEN SOLAR-PV BATTERY FED EV SYSTEM WITH REGENERATIVE BRAKING EMPLOYING ZETA CONVERTER

This Paper Presents A Sensorless Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) Motor Driven Electric Vehicle (EV) System Powered By A Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Array And Battery Storage. To Achieve High Efficiency And Reliable Operation, A Zeta Converter Is E... This Paper Presents A Sensorless Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) Motor Driven Electric Vehicle (EV) System Powered By A Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Array And Battery Storage. To Achieve High Efficiency And Reliable Operation, A Zeta Converter Is Employed As The Power Conditioning Interface, Enabling Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) For Solar PV Utilization And Bidirectional Power Flow For Battery Management. The Proposed System Eliminates The Need For Mechanical Sensors, Thereby Reducing Cost, Complexity, And Maintenance, While Ensuring Robust Motor Control Through Sensorless Techniques. Additionally, Regenerative Braking Is Integrated To Recover Kinetic Energy During Deceleration And Feed It Back Into The Battery, Improving Overall System Efficiency And Extending Driving Range. The Coordinated Control Of PV, Battery, And Motor Drive Ensures Optimized Energy Management Under Varying Driving And Solar Irradiance Conditions. Simulation And Analytical Studies Highlight The Effectiveness Of The System In Achieving Improved Efficiency, Reliability, And Sustainability For Electric Vehicle Applications. Read more Read less

Authors: Mr. Ajay Chandrashekhar Sawant | Prof. Dr. V.V. Yerigeri | Prof. S.V. Yerigeri

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) History

The History Of Gender: Examining The Social Construction Of Gender And Its Impact On Society.

This Research Paper Explore The History Of Gender By Examining Its Social Construction And Subsequent Impact On Societies. Historically The Understanding Of Sex And Gender Were Often Conflated, With Biological Differences Forming The Basis For Social... This Research Paper Explore The History Of Gender By Examining Its Social Construction And Subsequent Impact On Societies. Historically The Understanding Of Sex And Gender Were Often Conflated, With Biological Differences Forming The Basis For Social And Cultural Roles. However Drawing Upon Social Constructionist Perspectives, This Paper Argues That Gender Is A Dynamic And Fluid Concept, Rather Than Being Solely Biologically Determined. The Abstract Explores The Evolution Of Gender Roles, Influenced By Factors Such As Media Family And Religion And Examines How These Constructs Have Historically Affected Personal Attitudes, Career Paths, And Behaviors. It Further Investigates How Challenges To Traditional Gender Constructs, Such As The Women’s Liberation Moment Have Initiated A Shift Towards More Fluid And Inclusive Understanding Of Gender Identities And Expressions. Ultimately, This Research Paper Aims To Highlight The Enduring Impact Of Socially Constructed Gender On Various Societal Facets, Including Social Organization, Power Relations And Individual Experiences. Read more Read less

Authors: Bijaya Pradhan | Gayatri Behera

Vol 11, Issue 9 (September 2025) Pharmacy

Formulation, Optimization And Evaluation Of Methotrexate Loaded Nanoemulgel For Enhancing Transdermal Delivery In Rheumatoid Arthritis

The Preparation And Assessment Of A Topical Delivery System For Methotrexate-loaded Nanoemulgel For The Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Was The Goal Of This Investigation. METHODS: Using Peanut Oil, Tween 20 As The Surfactant, And PEG 400 As A... The Preparation And Assessment Of A Topical Delivery System For Methotrexate-loaded Nanoemulgel For The Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis Was The Goal Of This Investigation. METHODS: Using Peanut Oil, Tween 20 As The Surfactant, And PEG 400 As A Co-surfactant, The Pseudo Ternary Phase Diagram Was Produced Based On The Nanoemulsion Composition. The Methotrexate-loaded Nanoemulsion Was Made Using The Spontaneous Emulsification Technique. Badam Gum Was Used As A Gel Matrix In The Resulting Nanoemulsion To Create Nanoemulgel. The Methotrexate-loaded Nanoemulgel PH, Particle Size, Physical Appearance, Viscosity, Spreadability, TEM, Drug Content, Diffusion Studies, Release Kinetics, And Stability Investigations Were All Evaluated And Described. Nanoemulgel Was Clear And Had A Particle Size Of 19. RESULTS: A Nanoemulgel Comprising 8.6% Peanut Oil, 34.4% Tween 20 And PEG 400 As Smix (surfactant And Co-surfactant Mixture), 43% Water, And 12.5% W/w Badam Gum Was Shown To Be The Ideal Formulation. The Generated Nanoemulgel Had A 195.1 Nm Particle Size And A Zeta Potential Of -0.278 MV. Its Nature Was Transparent. The Drug Content And Release Of The Improved Formulation Were Determined To Be 98.11±0.34% And 95.11±0.02%, Respectively. The Optimal PH, Viscosity, And Spreadability Levels Were Found. The Results Of The Stability Analysis Showed That The Generated Nanoemulgel Remained Stable At Temperatures Between -25 And +45°C. In Conclusion, Methotrexate-loaded Nanoemulgel Has Been Successfully Created For Topical Drug Delivery In Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. Read more Read less

Authors: N. Anandhan | V. Arunachalam | Dr. G. Mariyappan | Dr. J. Karthi