Impact Of Construction 4.0 Technologies On Mitigating Organizational Interface Risks: An Empirical Study

Abstract

The Construction Industry Faces Persistent Challenges Due To Fragmentation, Poor Coordination, And Complex Stakeholder Interactions, Leading To Significant Organizational Interface Risks. These Risks, Occurring At Physical, Informational, Contractual, And Relational Boundaries Between Project Parties, Are Major Contributors To Delays, Cost Overruns, Rework, Disputes, And Safety Issues. This Empirical Study Investigates The Impact Of Construction 4.0 Technologies On Mitigating Such Organizational Interface Risks, With A Specific Focus On Medium-to-large Scale Building And Infrastructure Projects In The Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India. A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-methods Research Design Was Adopted. Quantitative Data Were Collected Through A Structured Questionnaire From 372 Construction Professionals, While Qualitative Data Were Gathered Via 28 Semi-structured Interviews And Five Embedded Case Studies. Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) And Thematic Analysis Were Used For Data Analysis. The Findings Reveal That Soft (organizational) Interface Risks Are Significantly More Severe Than Hard (physical) Risks In The Mumbai Context. Results Indicate A Strong Negative Relationship Between Construction 4.0 Adoption Maturity And Interface Risk Severity (β = -0.689, P < 0.001), With An R² Value Of 0.582. Digital Twin Technology, Integrated With IoT And BIM, Emerged As The Most Effective Solution For Both Hard And Soft Interface Mitigation. Six Key Mechanisms — Real-time Visibility, Predictive Analytics, Automated Clash Detection, Enhanced Collaboration, Immersive Coordination, And Off-site Standardization — Were Identified. Based On The Integrated Findings, The Study Proposes The C4OIRM Framework (Construction 4.0 Organizational Interface Risk Management Framework), A Four-layer Practical Model For Systematic Implementation. The Research Contributes To Both Theory And Practice By Providing Empirical Evidence From A Developing Country Context And Offering Actionable Recommendations For Project Stakeholders, Technology Providers, And Policymakers Aiming To Improve Project Performance Through Digital Transformation.

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