Hybrid Cryptographic Techniques For Secure Cloud Data Storage: A Review Of Algorithms, Architectures And Open Research Challenges

Abstract

The Migration Of Institutional Record Keeping To Third-party Cloud Infrastructure Has Made Cryptographic Protection The Principal Instrument Through Which Data Owners Retain Control Over Information They No Longer Physically Possess. Because No Single Cipher Simultaneously Offers Fast Bulk Encryption, Safe Key Exchange, Verifiable Integrity And User Authentication, The Research Community Has Converged On Hybrid Constructions That Combine Two Or More Primitives Inside A Common Architecture. This Paper Reviews The Hybrid Cryptographic Literature For Cloud Data Storage Published Between 2019 And 2026. Thirty Primary And Foundational Studies Are Organised Into A Six-branch Taxonomy Covering Symmetric–RSA Couplings, Elliptic-curve Hybrids, Multi-symmetric Cipher-diversity Designs, Blockchain-integrated Frameworks, DNA-inspired And Unconventional Methods, And Access-control Or Auditing-centred Schemes. For Each Branch The Review Summarises The Architectural Pattern, The Security Services Delivered, The Evaluation Methodology And The Reported Performance, And Then Contrasts The Branches Along Latency, Key-management Burden, Integrity Assurance And Deployment Maturity. The Analysis Reveals Persistent Weaknesses In The Field: Evaluation Datasets Are Rarely Standardised, Key-revocation Procedures Are Usually Left Unspecified, Quantum Resistance Is Acknowledged But Seldom Addressed, And Very Few Proposals Are Tested At Realistic Multi-tenant Scale. The Paper Closes With A Set Of Research Directions, Including Post-quantum Hybridisation, Standard Benchmark Corpora, Verifiable Key-lifecycle Management And Energy-aware Cipher Selection For Edge-assisted Clouds.

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