Green Synthesized Nanoparticles For Heavy Metal Removal From Wastewater

Abstract

Heavy Metal Pollution In Wastewater Presents A Severe Threat To Global Ecosystems And Human Health Due To Its Toxicity, Persistence, And Bioaccumulative Nature. Traditional Remediation Methods Are Often Expensive, Energy-intensive, And Chemically Hazardous. Green Nanotechnology Has Emerged As A Sustainable, Cost-effective, And Eco-friendly Alternative. This Report Provides A Comprehensive Review Of Green Synthesized Nanoparticles (NPs) Utilized For The Removal Of Heavy Metals From Wastewater. It Explores Various Biological Resources—including Plant Extracts, Microorganisms, And Agricultural Wastes—acting As Reducing, Capping, And Stabilizing Agents During Synthesis. The Mechanisms Of Heavy Metal Removal, Such As Adsorption, Ion Exchange, Electrostatic Attraction, And Surface Complexation, Are Thoroughly Evaluated. Furthermore, The Report Analyzes The Key Operational Parameters Influencing Removal Efficiency, Addresses Current Challenges Regarding Stability And Scalability, And Discusses Future Prospects For Industrial-scale Deployment. Heavy Metal Contamination Of Aqueous Ecosystems Presents A Critical Global Threat Due To Biological Non-biodegradability, Bioaccumulation Within Trophic Webs, And Severe Systemic Toxicities.

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