Efficiency Optimization Of Interleaved Boost Converters Via Dynamic Phase Management And Pi Control

Abstract

This Paper Presents The Design, Hardware Realization, And Experimental Validation Of A Two-phase Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) With Dynamic (adaptive) Phase Management For Low-voltage Photovoltaic (PV) Energy Harvesting. The Converter Interfaces An 18 V PV Source With A Regulated 48 V DC Bus And Tracks The Array’s Maximum Power Point Using A Perturb And Observe (P&O) Algorithm. A Classical Proportional-Integral (PI) Controller Closes The Output-voltage Loop, While An Adap-tive Phase Shedding (APS) Scheme Dynamically Disables The Sec-ond Phase At Reduced Input Voltage To Minimize Switching Losses Under Light-load Conditions. A 20 W Hardware Prototype Was Constructed Using An ESP32 Microcontroller, A TC427 Dual Gate Driver, INA240 Current-sense Amplifiers, And Precision Voltage-divider Feedback Networks. Experimental Results Confirm That The PI-controlled Prototype Regulates The 48 V Bus With A Peak-to-peak Output Ripple Of 2.4 V (5.34% Of Output) Under Nominal Two-phase Operation At 18 V Input, And Successfully Transitions To Single-phase Operation With A Peak-to-peak Ripple Of 9.6 V (25.49%) When The Input Drops To 12 V And The Second Phase Is Shed. The Results Demonstrate That A Two-phase Interleaved Topology, Combined With Dynamic Phase Management And A Well-tuned PI Loop, Provides An Efficient, Low-complexity And Practically Realizable Solution For Regulated Step-up Conversion In Distributed Solar Energy Harvesting Systems.

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