Analysis Of High-rise Building By Comparing Footing With Base Isolation And Without Base Isolation Using Etabs

Abstract

High-rise Buildings Founded On Conventional Isolated, Combined, Or Raft Footings Transfer Earthquake Motion Directly Into The Superstructure, Whereas A Base-isolation Layer Modifies This Load Path By Introducing Controlled Lateral Flexibility And Energy Dissipation Between The Foundation And The Building. This Review Synthesises Published Evidence On The Comparative Behaviour Of Fixed-base And Base-isolated High-rise Buildings And Translates The Findings Into A Reproducible ETABS Modelling Framework. A Structured Systematic Review Was Conducted For Publications From 2018 To July 2026 Using Scopus, Web Of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis, ASCE Library, Google Scholar, And Official Code Or Software Sources. Thirty-seven Studies Were Retained After Duplicate Removal, Title–abstract Screening, Full-text Eligibility Assessment, And Quality Scoring. The Review Covers Conventional Footing Idealisation, Lead-rubber Bearings, High-damping Rubber Bearings, Friction-pendulum Systems, Nonlinear Link Modelling, Response-spectrum Analysis, Nonlinear Time-history Analysis, Soil–structure Interaction, Near-fault Effects, Wind Serviceability, And Performance-based Optimisation. The Evidence Consistently Indicates That Appropriately Selected Isolators Lengthen The Effective Period And Reduce Superstructure Drift, Acceleration, Base Shear, And Overturning Demand, Although They Increase Displacement Demand At The Isolation Interface. A Reported 20-storey Case Achieved Average Base-shear Reductions Of 54–62% For Isolation Periods Of 4–5 S, While Other Studies Demonstrate That Vertical Motion, Pulse-like Records, Device Heating, Axial-load Variation, And Inappropriate Stiffness Assumptions Can Reduce The Apparent Benefit. The Principal Gaps Are Limited High-rise Validation, Inconsistent Reporting Of Isolator Properties, Insufficient Treatment Of Soil–foundation–isolator Interaction, And Weak Integration Of Wind And Seismic Design. The Paper Therefore Proposes Two ETABS Models Conventional Footing/fixed Base And Identical Superstructure With Nonlinear Isolation Links And A Common Set Of Response Measures For Technically Defensible Comparison. The Review Concludes That Base Isolation Is Not Automatically Superior; Its Benefit Depends On Verified Device Properties, Displacement Capacity, Ground-motion Selection, Foundation Compatibility, And Nonlinear Analysis Quality.

Keywords