A Comparative Study Using M-sand And Metakaolin To Improve Concrete Strength And Quality

Abstract

Concrete Is The Most Widely Used Construction Material, But Its Conventional Ingredients—natural River Sand And Ordinary Portland Cement—pose Environmental Concerns Due To Overexploitation Of Natural Resources And High Carbon Emissions. This Review Paper Focuses On The Combined Use Of Manufactured Sand (M-Sand) And Metakaolin As Sustainable Alternatives For Fine Aggregate And Cement Respectively. A Comparative Analysis Of Previous Studies Is Presented To Evaluate The Effect Of These Materials On The Workability, Strength, And Durability Of Concrete. Findings Indicate That M-Sand Enhances Particle Packing And Compressive Strength When Properly Graded, While Metakaolin Improves Microstructure, Reduces Porosity, And Increases Long-term Durability. Optimum Replacement Levels Are Generally Observed Around 20–30% For M-Sand And 10–15% For Metakaolin. The Combined Use Results In Higher Strength, Better Durability, And Reduced Environmental Impact, Making It A Promising Solution For Sustainable Construction.

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