IJSART | International Journal for Science and Advance Research In Technology

Solar energy is a renewable and environmentally friendly source of electrical power. The effective utilization of solar energy requires efficient power conversion, battery charging, and voltage regulation systems. This paper presents the design and development of a solar panel inverter and charge controller system intended to convert solar energy into usable electrical power while maintaining safe battery charging conditions. The proposed system consists of a photovoltaic (PV) panel, a charge controller, a rechargeable battery, an inverter circuit, and associated protection components. The charge controller regulates the energy transferred from the solar panel to the battery, while the inverter converts direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) for compatible electrical loads. The integrated arrangement aims to improve energy utilization, protect the battery against improper charging and discharging, and provide a practical solution for small-scale renewable energy applications. The paper discusses the operating principle, system architecture, design considerations, and parameters required for experimental evaluation. The proposed system can be adapted for educational laboratories, rural electrification demonstrations, and small standalone solar power applications.

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ISE

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

RAG - Powered AI System With Explainability For The Detection And Classification Of Brain Tumor

Umme Amara Shariff, Gowtham N D, Syeda Zahara Sultana, Vedhashree M Y, Soumya B J

Brain tumor classification using MRI is important for medical image assessment. This paper presents a RAG-powered AI system that integrates deep-learning classification, explainable AI, and medical knowledge retrieval. The system aims to classify brain MRI scans and provide understandable explanations supported by relevant medical information. The proposed framework combines image preprocessing, classification, visual explanation, and retrieval-augmented generation through a user-friendly interface.

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Computer Science And Engineering

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Dynamic Faculty Allocation And Time Table Generator

Abdul Reehan, Balaji H V, Bhuvaneshwari S, Dhanush R B

Manual scheduling of faculty and class timetables in engineering colleges following the VTU scheme is time-consuming, error-prone, and difficult to update whenever subjects or faculty availability change. This paper presents a web-based Dynamic Faculty Allocation and Timetable Generator that automates the allocation of faculty to subjects based on expertise and workload, and generates a clash-free weekly timetable. The system is developed using the Flask framework with an SQLite database, and allows administrators to upload subject schemes and faculty details in CSV/XLSX format. An allocation engine matches faculty expertise to subjects, applies a no-repeat rule, and balances teaching workload before a timetable-generation module builds a conflict-free weekly grid. Results show that the proposed system considerably reduces the manual effort and errors involved in academic scheduling while producing consistent, clash-free timetables.

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Library And Information Science

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

AI And Data Privacy In Academic Libraries: Emerging Issues, Risks And Ethical Considerations

DIP RANJAN, Salman Khan

Academic libraries are integrating AI in discovery, reference/recommendation, metadata, research support and user analytics. Those tools can help to accelerate retrieval and extend the staff. They also rely on information about which libraries have always had a view of privacy – search history, borrowing history, reference questions, chatbot transcripts, research interests and usage logs. This paper explores the impact of AI on data privacy in academic libraries and the need for integrating AI ethics and Responsible AI and Data governance with traditional Library and Information Science concerns of confidentiality, intellectual freedom and trust. The study is descriptive and analytical literature-based design. It references peer-reviewed literature on LIS from 2018 to 2026, guidance from professional bodies, and legislative and policy documents, such as the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 and the Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, the GDPR, the EU AI Act, UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, the OECD AI Principles and the NIST AI Risk Management Framework. It is seen in the literature that there is unequal strategic adoption, increasing use of generative tools and sometimes ethics discussion does not match the implementation. Data files of circulation are no longer the only source of privacy risk. It now incorporates inference, profiling, prompt leakage and vendor side training. An original conceptual model called the Responsible AI and Data Governance Framework for Academic Libraries (RAIDG-AL) is presented. It is a synthesis, and is not yet empirically tested.

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Computer Science And Engineering

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Smart Complaint Analyzer: An AI-Powered Complaint Classification And Prioritization System

Gopinath S B, Dr. A. Askarunisa, Karthikeyan J B

In modern higher educational campuses and large corporate enterprises, administering diverse stakeholder grievances—encompassing residential hostel defects, laboratory computing breakdowns, high-voltage electrical failures, campus transit schedules, and academic discrepancies—presents persistent logistical and administrative bottlenecks. Conventional grievance redressal mechanisms, relying on physical suggestion registers, informal phone calls, or unstandardized web forms, suffer from fundamental operational deficiencies: manual triage fatigue, arbitrary priority weighting, departmental misdirection, and complete lack of tracking visibility for complainants. To resolve these systemic operational deficits, this paper presents the engineering, architecture, and empirical assessment of the Smart Complaint Analyzer (SCA). Built upon Google Flutter, Node.js, Express microservices, MongoDB Atlas, and the Google Gemini 2.5 Flash Large Language Model (LLM), SCA introduces an automated cognitive triage pipeline that extracts structured semantic parameters—including primary department classification, contextual urgency scores (1–5), operational priority tiers, sentiment polarity, and an administrative summary—directly from unstructured narrative complaints in under 2.5 seconds. The platform enforces a strict three-tier Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) security model (Student, Department Staff, Institutional Administrator) secured with Firebase Authentication and cryptographic JWT verification. Empirical validation across 520 benchmarked institutional grievances demonstrates a 94.6% macro-average classification accuracy, an end-to-end triage latency reduction of 99.9% over manual human sorting, a 68.9% compression in overall resolution turnaround (from 5.8 days to 1.8 days), and an outstanding System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 88.5/100. SCA establishes an accessible, scalable, and transparent blueprint for modern institutional governance.

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CSE

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

HOST GENIUS-SMART DEPLOYMENT PLATFORM

A.ALAGAR, A.HAMEETHA JASRA, R.DHARSHINI

Deploying web applications often requires developers to perform multiple manual tasks, including project configuration, dependency installation, build validation, and cloud hosting. These processes can be challenging for beginners and time-consuming for developers. To address these limitations ,this paper proposes Host Genius-Smart Deployment Platform, a web-based system that automates the deployment workflow. The system uses React.js for the frontend and Node.js with Express.js for backend processing. It allows users to upload project files in ZIP format, analyze project structures, validate configurations, and build supported web applications. The Platform integrates Firebase Hosting and Netlify to support cloud deployment and provides deployment status ,live URLs, and deployment history. The system makes deployment easier ,reduces manual work, and helps developers deploy applications quickly.

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Computer Science And Engineering

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

AI-Based Detection Of Phishing Websites Using URL And Web Features

Atharva Sarade, Utkarsh Borade, Prarthana Dhage, Sumit Pawar, Prof.Ajit Mali

- Phishing websites imitate trusted websites to persuade visitors to reveal passwords, banking details, and other private information. Because attackers can change page content and register new domains quickly, a detection method should consider more than a website's visual appearance. This paper presents a proposed machine-learning approach for identifying phishing websites by combining URL-based indicators with features collected from the webpage and its domain context. URL features may include URL length, use of an IP address, suspicious symbols, subdomain structure, and HTTPS-related indicators. Web features may include redirects, forms that request sensitive information, external-resource patterns, and selected domain or certificate metadata where these data are available. The proposed workflow covers data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, model training, and evaluation. Candidate classifiers such as Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine can be compared using precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC, with particular attention to the cost of false negatives. This document describes a research design rather than claiming completed experimental results. The final paper should report measured results from a documented dataset and reproducible tests before submission.

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Finance

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Cost Audit In India: Regulatory Effectiveness, Compliance Burden And Opportunities For Reform

Alvin Jose

Statutory cost audit represents one of the most distinctive and debated dimensions of corporate regulation in India. Originating as an administrative intervention to curb industrial profiteering and ensure resource conservation during the planned economy era, the discipline has evolved into an instrument of economic governance under Section 148 of the Companies Act, 2013. However, the regulatory architecture faces growing tensions between the corporate mandate for ease of doing business and the public policy requirement for verifiable, granular microeconomic data. Industry associations argue that statutory cost record-keeping and audit impose substantial compliance costs, procedural overlap with financial reporting, and administrative rigidities. Conversely, regulatory and administrative bodies—including the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority, the Directorate General of Trade Remedies, and public procurement agencies—depend on contemporaneous, product-level cost records to determine fair consumer pricing, calculate injury margins in anti-dumping investigations, and monitor state incentive distributions. This paper evaluates the statutory architecture of cost audit in India, analyzes the empirical and institutional dimensions of regulatory effectiveness, examines the structural causes of compliance friction, and appraises international parallels in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany. Drawing upon recent policy evaluations, particularly the 2024 Inter-Ministerial Committee Report chaired by Ashu Mathur and contemporary scholarly discourse, the study articulates a comprehensive blueprint for structural reform centered on digital integration, threshold rationalization, sector harmonization, and dynamic risk-based oversight.

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English

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Representations Of Contemporary Indian Social Issues In Chetan Bhagat’s Select Novels

Dr. X. Ann Lanka Jeyadharshini

Contemporary Indian English fiction reflects the social, cultural, educational, and political changes taking place in India. Chetan Bhagat is one of the popular contemporary Indian novelists whose works explore the aspirations and struggles of young people. This article examines the representation of contemporary Indian social issues in Five Point Someone: What Not to Do at IIT (2004), 2 States: The Story of My Marriage (2009), and Revolution 2020: Love, Ambition, Corruption (2011). Through close textual analysis, the study investigates educational pressure, regional prejudice, gender inequality, family authority, and political corruption. It argues that Bhagat portrays the conflict between individual aspirations and restrictive social structures. Although his simple language and humour make these issues accessible to readers, the solutions offered by his narratives sometimes emphasize individual choices rather than wider social reform.

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CSE

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

SECURE MESSAGE SCAN URL

PRAVIN KUMAR D, DEEKSHITHA GAYATHRI K S, DHANUSHA T A

The increasing use of digital messaging has led to a rise in phishing and smishing attacks through malicious URLs. The proposed project, Secure Message Scan URL,combines secure message communication with phishing URL detection. The system uses Python Tkinter for the user interface, MongoDB for storing scanning records ,and AES encryption for message confidentiality. Regular expressions extract URLs from messages, while a rule-based mechanism analyzes suspicious keywords, HTTP usage,IP addresses,and blacklist matches. Based on the calculated risk score,URLs are classified as Safe, Suspicious, or Malicious. The system displays the results and helps users identify potentially harmful links,improving digital communication security.

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Computer Science And Engineering

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

NEXORA-AI Business Analyzer

Mrs. R. Hemalatha, M.Deepika, T.S.Divyadharshini

Nexora AI Business Analyzer is a web-based platform designed to help entrepreneurs evaluate business ideas through AI-assisted analysis.it provides business feasibility assessment, market potential analysis ,competitor analysis, sentiment analysis, dynamic pricing recommendations, and financial estimation .The system also supports business viability evaluation and provides information about government schemes and compliance requirements .By integrating these features, Nexora aims to simplify preliminary business planning and support informed decision-making.

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Electronics And Communication Engineering

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Battery Swapping EV Powered Station

Mr. Harshad M. Bhairatkar, Mr. Mahesh M. Oulkar, Mr. Nikhil N. Kanbarkar, Ms. Shamala B. Adin, Ms. Sneha Ashok Jagajampi

Battery swapping can remove the waiting time of plug-in charging, but a low-cost station for a small fleet must still control who may open the battery bay and keep watch on the batteries being charged. This paper presents the design and bench evaluation of a low-cost battery swapping station prototype for electric two-wheelers. An Arduino UNO checks RFID cards read by an RC522 module and drives a servo-operated lock, an LCD, LEDs and a buzzer, while an ESP32 reads an INA219 sensor and an NTC thermistor, switches a cooling fan and streams voltage, current, power and temperature to an IoT cloud dashboard. A TP4056 module charges the Li-ion cell using a relay-based power-source selection system that switches between photovoltaic and grid-fed supplies, with the grid AC supply converted to DC using a buck/step-down converter. One logged session showed 3.195 V, 0.699 A, 2.236 W and 22.579 °C, and a second charging trace showed about 3.5 V, 1.6–2.1 A and 6–8 W. RFID access trials consisting of 20 attempts gave a false-acceptance rate of 0% and a false-rejection rate of 10%. The components cost ₹2,745. The prototype is a 3.7 V single-cell proof of concept: RFID matching is identification rather than cryptographic security, the battery condition does not yet controls the lock, and the energy contributed by the solar and grid sources remains unmeasured.

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B.com, LLB

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Regulating Artificial Intelligence In Criminal Investigations: Constitutional Perspectives From India

Muhhesh Kumar.S

Indian law enforcement agencies increasingly use artificial intelligence (AI) in facial recognition and forensic analysis, raising concerns about the adequacy of constitutional safeguards. This paper examines whether Articles 14, 20(3) and 21 of the Indian Constitution adequately regulate AI-assisted criminal investigations through doctrinal analysis of secondary sources. It applies the proportionality standard in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India, the manifest arbitrariness doctrine in Shayara Bano v. Union of India and the testimonial-compulsion principle in Selvi v. State of Karnataka. The study identifies gaps in proportionality safeguards under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, the absence of mandatory algorithmic bias audits and the lack of clear procedural rules governing AI-generated investigative evidence. Drawing on the EU AI Act and the UK decision in Bridges v. Chief Constable of South Wales Police, it recommends mandatory algorithmic impact assessments, audit trails for AI-assisted arrests and independent regulatory oversight. The paper concludes that constitutional adaptation is essential to balance policing efficiency with the fundamental rights guaranteed by Part III of the Constitution.

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Electrical And Electronics Engineering

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

PID BASED BLDC MOTOR CONTROL FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Vinay Kumar Havinae, Manoj Kumar M, E Anjali, K Bharathi, Goutam

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are widely used in electric vehicles due to their high efficiency and low maintenance. This paper presents a PID-based speed control method for BLDC motors. The controller compares reference speed with actual speed and minimizes the error. The proposed system aims to improve speed regulation under varying load condition. The performance can be evaluated using simulation.

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Electrical And Electronics Engineering

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Solar Power Photovoltaic System

Naseema P, Afrin Sadaf S K, Fiza Taj, D Ghousiya Taskeen, Mr. H M Elia Sundaram

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems provide a clean and renewable method of generating electrical energy directly from sunlight. This project presents the design and operation of a solar power photovoltaic system consisting of a 2 kW solar panel array, 150 Ah battery bank, and 2 kVA inverter. The solar panels convert solar energy into DC electrical energy, while the battery stores the generated energy for use when solar radiation is insufficient. The inverter converts the stored DC power into AC power suitable for supplying AC loads. The system provides a practical solution for reducing dependence on conventional energy sources and can be useful for applications where reliable and renewable power is required.

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PHYSICS

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Synthesis And Characterization Of Tween 80-Modified Hydrophobic Silica Coatings For Corrosion Protection Of Steel

Dr. Sandip S. Patil, Dr. Renuka A. Pawar

In the present study, hydrophobic silica coatings modified with Tween 80 were fabricated on steel substrates using the sol-gel method and evaluated for their structural, surface, thermal, mechanical, and anticorrosion properties. Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) was used as the silica precursor, while Tween 80 was incorporated as a modifying agent. The coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle measurements, thermal conductivity measurements, water-jet impact testing, and potentiodynamic polarization. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic Si-O-Si, Si-C, C-H, and ester-group vibrations associated with the modified silica network. SEM observations showed the formation of porous, spherical microstructures, with increased porosity and reduced particle size as the Tween 80 concentration increased. The water contact angle increased from 131 ± 2° for the unmodified coating to 148 ± 2° for the 0.3 mM Tween 80-modified coating, with a roll-off angle of approximately 10°. The thermal conductivity decreased from 0.071 to 0.017 W m−1 K−1 with increasing Tween 80 content. The modified coating also showed good resistance to water-jet impact. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements demonstrated improved corrosion protection, with the corrosion potential shifting from -0.94 V for pristine steel to -0.66 V for the 0.3 mM Tween 80-modified coating and a substantial reduction in corrosion current density. Even after 10 days of immersion in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, the modified coating retained better corrosion resistance than pristine steel. The results indicate that Tween 80-modified silica coatings provide a promising combination of hydrophobicity, mechanical robustness, low thermal conductivity, and corrosion protection for steel surfaces.

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Electrical And Electronics Engineering

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Solar PV Powered Battery Management System

Aishwarya M Nara, Aruna.M.P, Latha.B, Keerthi.N, Mr. Rajshekar K

The growing demand for electricity and the depletion of fossil fuels have increased the need for clean, alternative energy sources. Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is abundant and pollution-free, but its output varies with sunlight and cannot be used directly when the sun is not available. This paper presents the design of a solar PV powered battery management system in which a solar panel charges a rechargeable battery through a charge controller, while voltage and current sensors continuously monitor the battery. A DC-DC converter regulates the charging voltage, and an inverter converts the stored DC energy into AC for household loads. The proposed system aims to achieve efficient and safe battery charging, protect the battery from overcharge and deep discharge, and deliver clean, reliable and sustainable electricity.

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Electrical And Electronics Engineering

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Communication-Aware Adaptive Speed And Energy Control For A Low-Cost BLE Mobile Robot

Krishnamurthi V, Anandh V

Low-cost Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) robots usually execute the last received command at a fixed duty cycle, so wheel-speed error, link degradation, obstacle proximity and energy use are not coordinated. This paper presents a lightweight communication-aware speed controller for an ESP32-class BLE robot and verifies it by Monte-Carlo simulation (N = 100 trials per condition). A Communication Quality Index (CQI), computed on board from packet loss, command latency and heartbeat freshness, is mapped to a speed limit. The target speed is the minimum of the communication, obstacle and motor limits and is tracked by an encoder-based PI loop. Five configurations (A0–A4) are compared in an ablation. In simulation, closed-loop control reduced tracking error at 75% speed from 52.2 to 0.81 RPM; CQI adaptation reduced unsupervised travel in a degraded-link mission by 89% (0.228 to 0.025 m) at the cost of 24% longer mission time and 7% more energy per metre; the obstacle term removed collisions that otherwise occurred in 16% and 50% of runs at 75% and 100% speed; and power-monitor fault latching cut stall energy by 87%. All results are simulation outputs under stated assumptions; hardware validation is outlined as future work.

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Commerce

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TRANSFORMING M - COMMERCE: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Dr.V. Senthilkumar, Rekha R

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a futuristic concept but a present reality that is redefining commerce worldwide. From intelligent chatbots to predictive financial models, AI is transforming how businesses interact with customers, manage operations, and make decisions. This research paper explores the role of AI in commerce, with special reference to accounting, finance, marketing, human resources, and supply chain management. The study uses secondary data, reports, and case examples from India and other economies. Apps supported by app stores have provided an environment of trust for consumers yet web-based M-commerce remains dominate with evidence that physical shops are using M-commerce to fight back. Still the real business prospect in M-commerce comes from the opportunities to develop new business models and integrating new technologies where innovation and creativity is highly rewarded. The findings suggest that AI offers immense opportunities for efficiency, innovation, and inclusion. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, job displacement, and ethical dilemmas must be carefully addressed. The paper concludes with a forward-looking perspective on how AI can drive sustainable m-commerce if supported by responsible policies and balanced adoption strategies.

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Access Control In Edge Computing

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Runtime And Security Evaluation Of Lightweight Biometric Models For Edge Based Access Control

Paul Ndudiri Ohia, Evaristus Chibuzor Nwoke

This study presents a runtime and security evaluation of lightweight biometric models for edge-based access control. The work evaluates MobileNetV2 for face recognition and EfficientNetB0 for fingerprint recognition within an edge-aware access-control environment. The models were assessed using locally captured biometric datasets and public benchmark datasets, with emphasis on verification accuracy, false acceptance rate (FAR), false rejection rate (FRR), equal error rate (EER), ROC-AUC, model size, inference latency, throughput, and real-time decision performance. The results show that the lightweight biometric models can provide reliable identity verification while maintaining practical runtime performance for edge deployment. The face model achieved strong verification performance with low error rates, while the fingerprint model provided complementary biometric evidence for improved access reliability. The findings demonstrate that lightweight deep learning models can support secure, fast, and scalable biometric access control in edge computing environments where low latency, privacy protection, and real-time authentication are required.

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Kuhi , Nagpur

Vol 12, Iss 10 OA

Formulation And Evaluation Of Anti - Bacterial Ointment Using Herbal Extracts

Vishal Anil Nagrikar, Sumit Surchand Padole, Abhinav Raju Yelne, Pranali Shamrao Shete

Herbal antibacterial ointments are widely used for the treatment of skin infections, cuts, wounds, burns, and microbial diseases because of their natural origin, safety, and therapeutic effectiveness. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of an antibacterial ointment using herbal extracts such as garlic skin extract, rice husk extract, banana leaf extract, and peanut oil extract. These plant materials contain bioactive compounds like flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, sulfur compounds, and antioxidants that exhibit significant antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms.The ointment was prepared by incorporating the herbal extracts into an ointment base using the fusion method. The prepared formulation was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters including color, odor, consistency, pH, spreadability, homogeneity, washability, viscosity, and stability. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method against selected bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The formulation showed good appearance, smooth texture, acceptable pH, and satisfactory spreadability with no signs of irritation. The antibacterial study indicated effective inhibition of bacterial growth due to the presence of active phytoconstituents in the extracts.The study concludes that the formulated herbal antibacterial ointment possesses promising antibacterial activity and can be used as a safe and effective topical preparation for the management of minor skin infections and wounds.

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Volume 12, Issue 10 · October 2026

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